Makhraj Flashcards
What is Makhraj?
Arabic letters all have a makhraj, this is where the sound exits from. Either the throat or mouth.
It is required so we don’t mix the letters.
Each makhraj has different qualities wnd every letter has a different characteristic.
The letters can be light, heavy or whistly.
Tajweed comes from the letter Sayid which means good and learning it avoids mistakes.
ج و ف
Exits from the space between the throat to the lips - your oral cavity
The alif, waaw, yaa with a sakin exit with air and lengthen a sound
Huroof huwaiyah
Non specific makhraj is one that cant be pinpointed
خ غ ح ع ء ة
Haroof Halaq - throat letters
خ & غ
Come from the top/upper throat
ح &ع
Come from the mid throat
ء & ة
Come from the bottom of the throat
They are also the letters of Izhaar so if a noon saakin or tanween presents before it, the noon saaking or tanween should be pronounced clearly with no ghunna or ikhfaa
ق ك
ق
Heavy letter - back of tongue touches the soft palate
ك
Back of tongue touches the hard palate which is mot as far back as the soft palate
ض
Back edge of tongue touches the upper back teeth
Either right or left or both sides raised
Back of tongue must raise up & there must be a dip in the middle
Sound: longer - as it is running inside the mouth
Mistake: pressure on the tip of the tongue
ل
Huroof e Tarafiyyah/Zalaqiyyah
When the sides of the tongue touch the pre molars from one side to the pre molars of the other side
It touches the 8 front teeth
A laam can be heavy (tafkheen) or light (tarqeeq)
ي ش ج
Huroof e shajariyyah
Pronounced from the middle of the tongue when touching the upper palate
ن
Huroof e Tarafiyyah/Zalaqiyyah
Pronounced when sides of the tongue touch the gums of the canine - upto the 3rd tooth from the centre
The tip of the tongue touches the middle front teeth so there is no way for the sound to escape from the mouth
The release comes from the nose
نّ + مّ = gunna
Tanween (double harakat)
Fathatayn/doh zabar = ً
Kasratayn/doh zayr = ٍاٍ
Dhamatayn/doh pesh = ٌ
Sukoon/Jazm
ْ
A letter with a sukoon connects 2 letters
Tashdeed/Mushadad
ّ
Doubling a letter
A mushadad is a letter with a tashdeed
ت د ط
Huroof e Natiyyah
When the tip of the tongue touches the root of the upper central incisors (front 2 teeth)
ط
Is a full mouth letter so the tongue is raised in the back and lowered in the middle
ث ذ ظ
Huroof e lithwiyyah
When the tip of the tongue touches the edge of the upper front two teeth
A little bit of the tongue comes out as a soft sound
ظ
Is a heavy sound
ز س ص
Huroof e asliya
When the tip of the tongue touches the edge of the lower front teeth
ص
Is a full mouth letter, tongue is raised in the back and lowered in the middle
ز
Keep tongue low
Iz-haar
خ & غ
ح &ع
ء & ة
Haroof Halqi are also the letters of Izhaar so if a noon saakin or tanween presents before it, the noon saaking or tanween should be pronounced clearly with no ghunna or ikhfaa
