make me flashcards based around the main topics of gcse aqa chemistry paper 1
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
True or False: The relative atomic mass is the weighted average mass of an atom compared to 1/12th of carbon-12.
True
Fill in the blank: The three subatomic particles are protons, neutrons, and __________.
electrons
What is the formula for calculating the number of moles?
Moles = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)
Define an ion.
An atom or molecule that has a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?
Covalent bond
Which group in the periodic table contains the alkali metals?
Group 1
True or False: Noble gases are highly reactive.
False
What is the pH range of acids?
Less than 7
What is the main gas produced in a combustion reaction?
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Fill in the blank: The process of a liquid turning into a gas is called __________.
evaporation
What is the law of conservation of mass?
In a chemical reaction, mass is neither created nor destroyed.
What is the general formula for alkanes?
C_nH_(2n+2)
True or False: Exothermic reactions absorb heat from the surroundings.
False
Identify the product of the reaction between an acid and a base.
Salt and water
What is the main component of natural gas?
Methane (CH4)
What do you call a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat?
Exothermic reaction
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the atom that contains protons and neutrons.
nucleus
What is the term for substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed?
Catalysts
Which type of reaction involves the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances?
Decomposition reaction
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element is a pure substance made of one type of atom, while a compound is made of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.
True or False: Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
True
What is the main purpose of chromatography?
To separate mixtures into their individual components.
What is an endothermic reaction?
A reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings.
What is the chemical formula for water?
H2O
Fill in the blank: The __________ scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
pH
What is the primary source of energy for photosynthesis?
Sunlight
