gcse aqa bonding, structure and properties Flashcards
What is the definition of ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
True or False: Ionic compounds typically have high melting and boiling points.
True
What type of structure do ionic compounds form?
Ionic compounds form a crystalline lattice structure.
Fill in the blank: In ionic bonding, metals _____ electrons to become positively charged ions.
lose
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding is the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Which type of bond involves the sharing of electrons?
Covalent bond
True or False: Covalent compounds typically have low melting and boiling points.
True
What is the difference between a simple covalent molecule and a giant covalent structure?
Simple covalent molecules consist of a few atoms, while giant covalent structures consist of a large network of atoms bonded together.
What type of structure do metals have?
Metals have a metallic structure characterized by a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalized electrons.
Fill in the blank: Metals are good conductors of electricity due to the presence of _____ electrons.
delocalized
What is the main characteristic of metallic bonding?
Metallic bonding is the attraction between metal ions and delocalized electrons.
True or False: All ionic compounds are soluble in water.
False
What property of metals allows them to be shaped into wires?
Malleability
What is an example of a giant covalent structure?
Diamond or graphite
Fill in the blank: The strength of a covalent bond is determined by the number of _____ shared.
electrons
What is the term for a bond formed by the transfer of electrons?
Ionic bond
True or False: All covalent compounds are gases at room temperature.
False
What is the primary factor that determines the properties of a substance?
The type of bonding and structure it possesses.
What type of structure does sodium chloride (NaCl) have?
It has a cubic ionic lattice structure.
Fill in the blank: In a metallic lattice, the positive ions are held in place by _____ attraction to the delocalized electrons.
electrostatic
What type of bond is found in water (H2O)?
Covalent bond
True or False: Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when solid.
False
What is the term for the energy required to break a bond?
Bond dissociation energy
What is the difference between a polar and nonpolar covalent bond?
A polar covalent bond has an unequal sharing of electrons, while a nonpolar covalent bond has an equal sharing.
Fill in the blank: The _____ model is used to describe the arrangement of atoms in a metallic solid.
sea of electrons
What is the bond angle in a tetrahedral molecular shape?
109.5 degrees
True or False: Graphite is a good conductor of electricity.
True
What is an example of a simple covalent molecule?
Water (H2O)
What type of intermolecular forces exist between polar molecules?
Dipole-dipole forces
Fill in the blank: Metallic substances are typically _____ and have a shiny appearance.
lustrous
What happens to the electrons in a metallic bond?
They are delocalized and free to move throughout the structure.
What is a characteristic property of ionic compounds in solution?
They conduct electricity.
True or False: The boiling point of a substance is influenced by the type of bonding present.
True
What is the shape of a molecule with two bonding pairs and no lone pairs?
Linear
Fill in the blank: A molecule with a central atom bonded to three other atoms and one lone pair has a _____ shape.
trigonal pyramidal
What type of bond is formed between two nonmetals?
Covalent bond
What is the primary reason for the high melting and boiling points of ionic compounds?
Strong electrostatic forces between ions.
Fill in the blank: The _____ theory explains the shape of molecules based on electron pair repulsion.
VSEPR
