gcse aqa atomic structure and the periodic table

Question 1

What is the basic unit of an element?

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 2

Protons and neutrons

Question 3

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 3

Positive

Question 4

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 4

Neutral

Question 5

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 5

Negative

Question 6

True or False: Electrons are located in the nucleus.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 9

1/1840

Question 10

How do you calculate the atomic number of an element?

Answer 10

By counting the number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 11

What does the mass number represent?

Answer 11

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The number of neutrons can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the _________.

Answer 12

Mass number

Question 13

What is an isotope?

Answer 13

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 14

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first shell of an atom?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

What is the maximum number of electrons in the second shell?

Answer 15

8

Question 16

True or False: The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic mass.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What is the periodic law?

Answer 17

The properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.

Question 18

What are groups in the periodic table?

Answer 18

Columns that contain elements with similar properties.

Question 19

What are periods in the periodic table?

Answer 19

Rows that indicate the energy levels of electrons.

Question 20

What do elements in the same group typically have in common?

Answer 20

Similar chemical properties.

Question 21

What is a noble gas?

Answer 21

An element in group 18 that is inert and has a full outer electron shell.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: Alkali metals are found in group _______.

Answer 22

1

Question 23

What is the trend in reactivity for alkali metals as you move down the group?

Answer 23

Reactivity increases.

Question 24

What are halogens?

Answer 24

Elements in group 17 that are highly reactive nonmetals.

Question 25

What happens to the reactivity of halogens as you move down the group?

Answer 25

Reactivity decreases.

Question 26

What is the significance of the atomic number in the periodic table?

Answer 26

It determines the identity of the element.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The elements in the same period have the same number of _________.

Answer 27

Electron shells

Question 28

What is an ion?

Answer 28

An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons.

Question 29

What is the charge of a cation?

Answer 29

Positive

Question 30

What is the charge of an anion?

Answer 30

Negative

Question 31

True or False: Metals tend to lose electrons and form cations.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What is the electron configuration of carbon (atomic number 6)?

Answer 32

1s² 2s² 2p²

Question 33

What is the octet rule?

Answer 33

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to have a full outer shell of eight electrons.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The transition metals are found in groups _______ to _______.

Answer 34

3 to 12

Question 35

What is a characteristic property of metals?

Answer 35

Good conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 36

What is a characteristic property of nonmetals?

Answer 36

Poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 37

What are metalloids?

Answer 37

Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Question 38

What is the importance of the periodic table in chemistry?

Answer 38

It organizes elements according to their properties and atomic structure.

Question 39

What is the electron configuration of sodium (atomic number 11)?

Answer 39

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

Question 40

What does the term 'valence electrons' refer to?

Answer 40

Electrons in the outermost shell that are involved in chemical bonding.