major tissue types

Question 1

Epithelial tissue

Answer 1

• covers all body surfaces, inside and out
• covers all organs, forms the inner lining of body cavities, and lines hollow organs
• classified shape, arrangement, and function

Question 2

stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 2

• made up of many layers, which makes it thick
• cells near the surface are flattened; deeper into the tissue layers, they are more cuboidal
• provides an excellent barrier against pathogenic organisms

Question 3

name the types of epithelial tissues (5)

Answer 3

1. stratified squamous epithelium
2. simple squamous epithelium
3. simple cuboidal epithelium
4. simple columnar epithelium
5. pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 4

simple squamous epithelium

Answer 4

• a thin layer of interlocked, flattened cells to allow for diffusion
• forms the wall of air sacs in the lungs and the wall of capillaries which allows for oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion

Question 5

simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer 5

• a single layer of cube-shaped cells usually found in glands and the lining of the kidneys and liver
• aid in absorption and secretion

Question 6

simple columnar epithelium

Answer 6

• a single layer of cells that are taller than they are wide
• function similar to the cuboidal epithelium (some are responsible for absorption of nutrients [intestines] and some are responsible for secreting substances like mucus)

Question 7

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 7

• appear to be layered BUT are not (due to the nuclei of the cells that are located at various levels in the tissue)
• most commonly found lining the respiratory tract

Question 8

what are the 5 types of connective tissue?

Answer 8

1. fibrous connective tissue
2. elastic connective tissue
3. loose connective tissue
4. cartilage
5. bone

Question 9

connective tissue

Answer 9

• found throughout the body
• provides protection and support
• cells are farther apart from one another than epithelial cells

Question 10

fibrous connective tissue

Answer 10

• a dense tissue made of tightly packed, thick fibers
• aids in holding bones together (ligaments) and provides attachment of muscle to bone (tendons)

Question 11

elastic connective tissue

Answer 11

• mainly elastic tissue fibers (provide elasticity to the structures it form)
  e.g. elastin in the skin makes it flexible

Question 12

loose connective tissue

Answer 12

• a more delicate connective tissue, that forms thin membranes in the body to provide loose, flexible attachment of skin to underlying tissues and organs (SQ tissue)
• also found in spaces between organs and muscles
• adipose tissue (fat) is an example of this type of tissue

Question 13

cartilage

Answer 13

• a rigid form of connective tissue
• does not have a direct blood supply; receives nutrients from other surrounding connective tissues
• provides a smooth joint surface that protects the bone

Question 14

Define:
bone

Answer 14

• the most dense, rigid type of connective tissue
• hardness results from the minerals and mineral salts that form it’s matrix
• provides support for muscles, body tissues and organs

Question 15

name the 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 15

smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle

Question 16

muscle tissue

Answer 16

• divided into 3 groups
• has the ability to contract and relax which changes the muscle’s length from one movement to the next
• muscles are separated from each other by sheets of fibrous connective tissue called fascia

Question 17

smooth muscle (3)

Answer 17

• associated with unconscious, involuntary control
• found in the stomach, intestines, blood vessels, and urinary bladder
• lack of striations makes it ‘smooth’

Question 18

cardiac muscle

Answer 18

• also unconscious, involuntary control
• only found in the heart
• cells are striated and joined end to end to give it strength and contractile ability

Question 19

skeletal muscle

Answer 19

• made up of monocytes which are long, thin, cylindrical-shaped muscle fibers with rounded ends and many nuclei along the length
• within each myocyte are long, thin, thread-like structures called myofibrils (very elastic and contract ability)

Question 20

neural tissue

Answer 20

• tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
• made up of nerve cells or neurons, which are stabilized cells that mainly function to transmit neuro-electrical impulses
• nerves transmit impulses to and from the brain, spinal cord, and all over the body
• nerves are a collection of bundles of neurons

Question 21

what are the 3 body cavities

Answer 21

cranial vault
thoracic cavity
abdominal/peritoneal cavity

Question 22

cranial vault

Answer 22

• formed by the bones of the cranium
• houses the brain

Question 23

Define:
thoracic cavity

Answer 23

• aka the pleural cavity
• contains visceral organs such as the heart and the lungs

Question 24

abdominal/peritoneal cavity

Answer 24

• the most caudal cavity of the body
• contains the liver, stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder

Question 25

what muscle separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Answer 25

diaphragm

Question 26

hiatus

Answer 26

small area in the center of the diaphragm that allows blood vessels and other structures to pass through it