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Terminology > directional and positional terms > Flashcards

directional and positional terms Flashcards

1
Q

Ventral

A
  • refers to the belly or the underside of a body or body part
  • includes head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, and tail
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2
Q

Dorsal

A
  • refers to the back
  • includes head, neck, thorax, abdomen, and tail
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3
Q

Cranial

A
  • towards the head or pertaining to the head
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4
Q

Caudal

A

towards the tail

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5
Q

Anterior

A

towards the front of the body, referring to the limbs

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6
Q

posterior

A

towards the back of the body, referring to the limbs

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7
Q

rostral

A

pertaining to the nose end of the head

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8
Q

midline

A

aka median or midsagittal
imaginary line that divides the body into EQUAL right and left halves

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9
Q

Medial

A

pertaining to the MIDDLE or towards the midline

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10
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the SIDE or AWAY from the midline

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11
Q

Superior

A

UPPERMOST; ABOVE

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12
Q

Inferior

A

LOWERMOST; below

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13
Q

Adjacent

A

NEXT TO, close to, or adjoining

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14
Q

proximal

A

closer to the midline of the body, pertaining to another point
near the center of the body relative to another point

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15
Q

Distal

A

Away from the midline of the body
Away from the center of the body relative to another point

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16
Q

Oblique

A

at an angle

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17
Q

Superficial/external

A

near the surface

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18
Q

deep/internal

A

away from the surface

19
Q

peripheral

A

pertaining to, or situated near the periphery
outermost part, or the surface of an organ or body part

20
Q

Palmar

A

the bottom of the front foot or hoof (underside)
anything distal to the carpus (in the hind limb only)

21
Q

Prone

A

position of the animal lying on their ABDOMEN, face down, legs extended
ventral recumbency/sternal recumbency

22
Q

Supine

A

position of the animal laying on its BACK, legs extended
dorsal recumbency

23
Q

Recumbent

A

lying down

24
Q

Median Plane

A
  • aka midsagittal plane or midline
  • a plane that divides the body into EQUAL right and left halves
  • cuts the body longitudinally
25
Q

Sagittal plane

A

plane Parallel to the midline plane and divides the body into UNEQUAL right and left body parts

26
Q

Frontal Plane

A
  • aka called a dorsal plane
  • a plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts
  • not necessarily equal
27
Q

Transverse Plane

A
  • aka a cross-sectional or horizontal plane
  • a plane that is perpendicular to the median plane and divides the body into cranial and caudal parts
  • not necessarily equal
28
Q

Longitudinal Plane

A
  • a general term referring to a section cut the length of the body or organ
29
Q

Abduction

A

to move AWAY from the midline

30
Q

Adduction

A

to move TOWARDS the midline

31
Q

flexion

A

to bend a joint or reduce the angle between two bones

32
Q

hyperflexion

A

flexed too far

33
Q

extension

A

to STRAIGHTEN a joint or increase the angle between two bone

34
Q

hyperextension

A

extended too far

35
Q

supination

A

the act of rotating the limb or body part so that the ventral surface is turned upwards

36
Q

pronation

A

the act of rotating the limb or body part so that the ventral surface is turned downwards

37
Q

Define:
rotation

A

circular movement around an axis

38
Q

Supine

A

AKA dorsal recumbency
laying on the back (spine on the table)

39
Q

dorsal recumbency

A

AKA supine
laying on the back (spine on the table)

40
Q

Prone

A

AKA ventral recumbency or sternal recumbency
laying on the stomach

41
Q

Ventral recumbency

A

AKA prone or sternal recumbency
laying on the stomach

42
Q

Sternal recumbency

A

AKA ventral recumbency or prone
laying on the stomach

43
Q

Lateral recumbency

A

laying on the side
can be in either right lateral recumbency (right side on the table) or left lateral recumbency (left side on the table)

Terminology (14 decks)

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