Major concepts of host defense

Question 1

Infected tissue must show the presence of a particular microorganism not found in healthy animals

Answer 1

Koch’s 1st postulate in his four postulate theory

Question 2

The microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture

Answer 2

Koch’s 2nd postulate in his four postulate theory

Question 3

When injected into a healthy animal, the microorganism must cause the disease associated with it

Answer 3

Koch’s 3rd postulate in his four postulate theory

Question 4

This “second generation” microorganism should then be isolated and shown to be identical with the microorganism found in the first postulate.

Answer 4

Koch’s 4th postulate in his four postulate theory

Question 5

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Answer 5

gram positive

Question 6

lipopolysaccharide (LPS) outer leaflet of outer membrane

Answer 6

gram negative

Question 7

Microbes that are able to survive in animals by simply being immersed in nutrients.

Answer 7

Extracellular microbes

Question 8

Microbes that invade and replicate within animal cells where they utilize host-cell energy sources.

Answer 8

Intracellular microbes

Question 9

Shielded from antibodies and can be eliminated only by a cellular immune response

Answer 9

Intracellular bacteria

Question 10

capable of replicating in the circulation, connective tissues, airways, gastrointestinal tract

Answer 10

Extracellular bacteria

Question 11

disease pathway

Answer 11

first bacteria induce inflammation and second, bacteria produce toxins with pathological effects