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HDM > intro to immune system > Flashcards

intro to immune system Flashcards

1
Q

phagocytosis and digestion of microbes

A

neutrophils

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2
Q

allergic reaction, defense against helminths

A

eosinophils

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3
Q

allergic reactions

A

basophils and mast cells

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4
Q

circulating macrophage precursor

A

monocytes

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5
Q

phagocytosis and digestion of microbes, antigen presentation

A

macrophages

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6
Q

PRRs( pattern recognition receptors) recognize….

A

PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns)

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7
Q

TLR 2 (toll-like receptor)

A

gram positive-PGN (peptidoglycan)

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8
Q

TLR4

A

gram negative-LPS (lipopolysaccharide)

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9
Q

TLRX

A

other microbe classes

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10
Q

TLR1:TLR2 heterodimer

A

lipopeptides and GPI

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11
Q

TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer

A

lipoteichoic acid and zymosan

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12
Q

TLR3

A

double-stranded viral RNA

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13
Q

TLR4:TLR4 homodimer

A

lipopolysaccharide

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14
Q

TLR5

A

flagellin

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15
Q

TLR7

A

single-stranded viral RNAs

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16
Q

TLR 8

A

single-stranded viral RNAs

17
Q

TLR9

A

unmethylated CpG-rich DNAA

18
Q

TLR10 homodimer and heterodimers with TLR1 and 2

A

unkown

19
Q 
source: macrophages and T cells
targets and bio. effects: 
-endothelial cells: activation (inflammation and coag.)
-neutrophils: activation
hypothalamus: fever
Liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins
muscle, fat: catabolism (cachexia)
many cell types: apoptosis
A

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

20
Q

source: macrophages, endothelial cells, some epithelial cells
targets and bio. effects:
-endothelial cells: activation (inflammation coag.)
-hypothalamus: fever
-liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins

A

Interleukin (IL-1)

21
Q

source: macrophages, endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, platelets
targets and bio. effects:
-leukocytes: chemotaxis, activation

A

Chemokines

22
Q

source: macrophages, dendritic cells
targets and bio. effects:
-NK cells and T cells: IFN-gama-synthesis, increased cytolytic activity
-T cells: TH1 differentiation

A

Interleukin-12 (IL-12)

23
Q

source: NK cells, T lymphocytes
targets and bio. effects:
-activation of macrophages
-stimulation of some antibody responses

A

Interferon-gama (IFN-gama)

24
Q

source:
-IFN-alpha: macrophages
IFN-beta: fibroblasts
targets and bio effects:
-all cells: antiviral state, increased class 1 MHC expression
-NK cells: activation

A

Type 1 IFNs (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta)

25
Q

Source: Macrophages, T cells, Mainly TH2
Targets and bio. effects:
-macrophages: INHIBITION of IL-12 production, reduced expression of costimulators and class II MHC molecules

A

Interleukin-10 (IL-10)

26
Q

source: macrophages, endothelial cells, T cells
target and bio effects:
-liver: synthesis of acute phase proteins
-B cells: proliferation of antibody-producing cells

A

Interleukin- 6 (IL-6)

27
Q

source: macrophages and others
target and bio effects:
-NK cells: proliferation
-T cells: proliferation

A

Interleukin-15 (IL-15)

28
Q

source: macrophages
target and bio effects:
-NK cells and T cells: IFN-gama synthesis

A

Interleukin-18 (IL-18)

29
Q

deposited on microbes and enhance their uptake by phagocytes bearing complement receptors

A

opsonins (one of small fragments features)

30
Q

attract immune cells

A

chemotactic factors (one of small fragments features)

31
Q

cause degranulation of mast cells/basophiles and release vasoactive substances

A

anaphylatoxins (one of small fragments features)

32
Q

Large fragments activate downstream components resulting in _____________ which disrupt the membranes of certain pathogens

A

formation of Membrane Attack Complexes (MACs)

33
Q

complement activation by antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) complexes

A

classic pathway

34
Q

complement activation by microbial-cell walls

A

alternative pathway

35
Q

complement activation by the interaction of microbial carbohydrates with mannose-binding protein in the plasma

A

lectin pathway

36
Q

Activation of C3 component followed by activation of C5 component and formation of the attack or lytic sequence-Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)

A

Complement system

HDM (7 decks)

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