Main functions, organization, and histology of nervous tissue Flashcards
What are the 2 main controlling systems of the body?
endocrine
nervous
How does the speed of the endocrine and nervous system differ?
endocrine is slow
nervous is fast
What are the 3 main functions of the nervous system?
sensory
integrative
motor
stimulus is detected as sensory input
sensory function of nervous system
stimulus is interpreted and change is communicated
integrative function of nervous system
causes a response, stimulates a muscle or gland to act
motor function of nervous system
Organization of the Nervous System:
What are the 2 branches of the CNS?
brain
spinal cord
Organization of the Nervous System:
What are the 2 branches of the PNS?
motor (efferent) division
sensory (afferent) division
Organization of the Nervous System:
What are the 2 branches of the motor (efferent) division of the PNS?
somatic nervous system (voluntary)
autonomic nervous system (involuntary)
Organization of the Nervous System:
What are the 2 branches of the ANS (involuntary)?
ANS stems from the motor division of the PNS.
sympathetic division
parasympathetic division
What are the 2 main types of nervous tissue?
neurons
neuroglia
What are the 9 parts of a neuron?
cell body (soma) chromatophilic substance (Nissl bodies) nuclei/ganglia dendrites axon axon hillock axon collaterals axon terminals synapse
aka soma, contains the nucleus, typical organelles plus chromatophilic substance. It is the main metabolic and nutritional area. An input and integrative region of the neuron.
cell body aka soma
nucleus
organelles
chromatophilic substance
cell body aka soma
main metabaolic and nutritional area
cell body aka soma
input and integrative region of neuron
cell body aka soma
specialized clustered RER and free ribosomes
chromatophilic substance (Nissl bodies)
What are nuclei?
clusters of cell bodies in the CNS
What are ganglia?
clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
branches/extensions that recieve signals (receptive region) from other neurons. They are not myelinated and they have a large surface are to provide an input area.
dendrites
Are dendrites myelinated?
no
process or extension that propagates the messsage to another neuron, muscle, or gland. Conductive region generates an action potential.
axon
What does the conductive region of the axon do?
generates an action potential
What are the 3 areas that the axon can propagate the message to?
neuron
muscle
gland
cone shaped part of the axon that emerges from the cell body, and acts as the “trigger zone” for the generation of action potentials
axon hillock
What shape is the axon hillock and where does it emerge from?
cone shaped
emerges from the cell body
What is the “trigger zone” for the generation of action potentials?
axon hillock
Side branches of the axon usually at a right angle from the original axon.
axon collaterals
At what angle is the axon collaterals?
usually a right angle from original axon
aka synaptic terminals,
axon terminals
the bulb like structures at the end of the terminal branches of the axon
axon terminals aka synaptic terminals
The junction either between two neurons or a neuron and a gland or a neuron and a muscle
synapse
Where are the 3 places a synaps can be?
between 2 neurons
neuron and gland
neuron and muscle
What are the 2 cells that are involved in the synapse?
presynaptic
postsynaptic
