Magnesium reg, hypo, & hypermagnesium Flashcards
what is the normal range of Mg
1.5-2.5
what is Mg’s function
support muscle & nerve function & energy production
Who is Mg best friend’s with
Ca
Mg has an inverse relationship with which electrolyte
phosphorus
what does Mg help to maintain in the body (6)
blood glucose control
bp
skeletal muscle contraction
neurological function
ATP formation
Immune system - fights inflammation
what are the causes of hypomagnesemia (4)
chronic alcohol use
renal loss
GI loss
Diuretics
what is the #1 cause of hypomagnesemia
chronic alcohol use
why does malabsorption occur in chronic alcoholism
because there are effects on the GI tract
what can overuse of alcohol increase in the renal system
increase excretion of Mg
what GI losses cause hypmagnesemia (2)
NG tube
diarrhea
how will a pt present if they have hypomagnesemia
unable to maintain order/everything in body goes crazy
what neuromuscular signs will we see in a pt w/ hypomagnesemia (5)
tetany
twitches
paresthesias
positive Trousseau’s & Chvostek’s signs
increased DTRS
what breath sound would we hear in a pt w/ hypomagesemia
laryngeal stridor
what heart rate will a pt with hypomagnesemia have
tachy
hypocalcemia accompanies
hypomagnesemia
what do the interventions aim to restore in hypomagnesemia
hypocalcemia
what interventions should we do for hypomagnesemiam (6)
replace Mg & Ca (IV or PO)
seizure precautions
monitor DTRS - if diminished/absent = hypermagnesemia
discontinue meds that cause Mg loss
monitor K+ if Mg is low
when replacing Mg should we give it slow or fast
slow
why do we replace Mg slow
because it can slow hr
if Mg is low why should we monitor K
there is secondary K+ depletion
if both hypo Mg & K present what should we treat first
the hypo Mg
why do we treat hypo Mg first before hypo K
when body doesn’t have enough Mg, body is unable to process/absorb K
what causes hypermagnesemia (2)
increased Mg intake
decreased renal excretion of mg
how will the heart present in a pt w/ hypermagnesemia (3)
calm & quiet
bradycardia
hypotension
how will the respirations be in a hypermag pt
low & shallow
how will bowel sounds be in a pt w/ hypermag
hypoactive bowel sounds
how will the pt’s neurological present (2)
drowsy
lethargy
how will the muskuloskeletal present in a pt with hypermag
diminished or absent DTRS
what are the interventions for hypermag (2)
calcium gluconate
diuretics
