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IM2 > Lower Urinary System Male/female Urinary And Reproductive Disorders > Flashcards

Lower Urinary System Male/female Urinary And Reproductive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

How much urine does the bladder hold

A

600-1000ml

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2
Q

Is the males urethra much longer than the females

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the muscle that keeps urine flowing

A

Detrusor muscle

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4
Q

How does urine flow in the body

A

It flows downward

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5
Q

Is urine sterile

A

Yes

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6
Q

How often should we go to the bathroom

A

Every 2-4 hours

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7
Q

Why should we do pelvic floor exercises

A

To keep things tight and in place

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8
Q

What fluids should we limit

A

Caffeine and carbonated drinks

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9
Q

What are the three types of urinary incontinence

A

Stress
Urge (overactive bladder)
functional,

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10
Q

What can CAUSE stress incontinence

A

Laughing
Sneezing
Coughing

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11
Q

What CAN cause urge incontinence

A

Having the sudden urge to go

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12
Q

What can cause functional incontinence

A

Illness
Disability
Cognitive problems

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13
Q

What muscles are weakened and can cause stress incontinence

A

Pelvic floor muscles and urinary sphincter weaken

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14
Q

What can cause the pelvic floor muscles and urinary sphincter to weaken

A

Childbirth or prostate surgery

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15
Q

What is the big name to know for urge incontinence

A

Overactive bladder

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16
Q

What is enuresis

A

Bed wetting

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17
Q

How can we help those with functional incontinence get to the restroom

A

Keep things out of the way
Have good lighting
Easy to remove clothes

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18
Q

What are anticholinergics used to treat

A

Treat urinary incontinence

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19
Q

What do anticholinergics du to the body

A

Dry YOU up

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20
Q

What does oxybutynin(ditropan) decrease

A

Decreases urgency
Frequency
Nucturia in the overactive bladder

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21
Q

What pt should we not give anticholinergics

A

A pt with BPH

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22
Q

What drug should we not give along with anticholinergics

A

Decongestants

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23
Q

What do anticholinergic cause

A

Urinary retention

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24
Q

What are treatments for incontinence issues

A

Pelvic floor exercise
Scheduled toileting times
Botox injections
Nerve stimulates

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25
Q

What is urinary detention

A

Inability to empty the bladder all the way

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26
Q

What is the #1 cause of urinary retention

A

BPH

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27
Q

What are other causes of urinary retention

A

Obstruction- kidney stone
Narrowing- urethral
Tumors
Certain meds - anticholinergics, opioids
Being dehydrated
Constipation

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28
Q

What is acute urinary retention

A

Sudden and often painful inability to urinate at all despite bladder fullness

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29
Q

Does acute urinary retention require intervention

A

Yes

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30
Q

What is chronic urinary retention

A

Gradual inability to empty the bladder; painless retention associated with increased volume of residual urine

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31
Q

If a pt has chronic urinary retention can the bladder still feel full after passing urine

A

Yes

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32
Q

What is overflow incontinence

A

Leaking urine without being able to control it

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33
Q

What is the nursing management steps of acute bladder retention

A

Bladder scan
Palpate ht
Ask about voiding history
Need indwelling cath
Drink small amounts of fluids
Avoid alcohol, caffeine, acidic fruit
Sitting in warm water or warm shower

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34
Q

What are nursing management things seconds for chronic urinary retention

A

Intermittent or indwelling urinary cath
Schedule toileting

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35
Q

What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer

A

Smoking

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36
Q

What is painless hemateria a sign of

A

Bladder cancer

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37
Q

Cancer can cause

A

Bladder inability
Dysuria
Frequency and urgency

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38
Q

What is the treatment for bladder cancer

A

Removing the bladder

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39
Q

What is a urostomy

A

Urine comes through an opening in the abdomen into a bag

40
Q

What should the nurse do when one of the pts is getting a urinary diversion device

A

Teach family and pt about the device
Address psychosocial aspect of stoma, stoma care and pouch application
Encourage pt to talk about feelings related to stoma creation
Enterostomal therapist consult to visit with pt

41
Q

What is a neurogenic bladder

A

Nerves b/w spinal cord and brain don’t work

42
Q

What diseases can cause a pt to have neurogenic bladders

A

Parkinson’s
Multiple sclerosis
Stroke
Diabetes

43
Q

What can the nurse do to help the neurogenic bladder pt

A

Provide routine voiding measures
Avoid caffeine and alcohol
Pelvic floor exercise
Cath care when en indicated
Meds-tamsulosin (flow max ) improves bladder storage and emptying

44
Q

What diagnostic studies can we do for urine

A

Urinalysis
Urine studies
Serum creatinine
Bun
Creatinine clearance

45
Q

When a serum creatinine is greater than 1.2 is what for women

A

Abnormal

46
Q

When a serum creatinine is 1.4 for both men and women it means what

A

Abnormal

47
Q

For a creatinine clearance what should the pt do with the first urine

A

Discard it

48
Q

How long do we collect a creatinine clearance

A

24 hours

49
Q

Where should they store the container for the 24 hour urine collection

A

On ice

50
Q

Once the 24 hour collection is over what should we have the pt to beforefinishing the collection

A

Have them pee and add it to the collection

51
Q

What is interstitial cystitis

A

Painful bladder syndrome

52
Q

What are clinical manifestations of interstitial cystitis

A

Pain in perineum
Persistent urgent need to void
Painful intercourse
Frequent urination
Rain while bladder fills und relief after urinating
May have autoimmune component

53
Q

What can cause UTIs

A

Hormones
Antibiotics
Renal stones
Diabetes
Toiletries
Obstructive prostate
Vesicoureter reflux
Over extended bladder
Indwelling urinary catheter
Decreased immune system

54
Q

What is the number 1 cause of UTIs

A

Indwelling catheters

55
Q

What should we teach our pts about UTIs

A

Fluids
Food
Eat
Void
Exercise

56
Q

What is a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (cauti)

A

Most common hospital acquired infection

57
Q

What is the #1 cause of prolonged use of urinary catheter

A

Cauti

58
Q

What are some of the common bacteria for the UTIs

A

E. coli
Pseudomonas
Proteus marabilis

59
Q

Who is at risk for UTIs

A

Peds and females
Congenital defects
Urinary retention
Pregnant
Menopause
Multiple partners

60
Q

What are s/s of UTIs

A

Hesitancy, frequency, urgency
Dysuria
Superpubic pain

61
Q

How do we diagnose a UTI

A

UA/ urine culture
+RBC
Cloudy
WBC
Nitrites

62
Q

What should we see in elders pts that have UTIs

A

Sudden change in loc
Falls
Tachypnea
Anorexia
Low grade fever or no fever

63
Q

How should a nurse manage a UTI

A

Get a urinalysis
Gena urine culture
place pt on medications as ordered
Prevent cauti
Reverent urosipesis

64
Q

How do we perform a clean catch urine sample

A

Wash hands
Clean urinary opening with towelette front to back
Void into toilet for a few seconds and stop
Place sterile container into path of stream
Restarturite and collect mid stream of urine

65
Q

What are the CDC indications for indwelling urinary catheter

A

Acute urinary retention or bladder outlet obstruction
Need for accurate I&O (hourly monitoring)
Assist in healing of open sacral or perineal wounds
Prior to certain surgical procedures
Pt requires prolonged immobilization
To improve comfort for end-of-life care

66
Q

What is urosepsis

A

An untreated UTI that spreads to the kidneys

67
Q

What causes urosepsis

A

Caused by infection from UTI

68
Q

What are risk factors for urosepsis

A

Urinary catheters
Advanced age
Compromised immune system
Diabetes
Female gender
Surgical procedures involving urinary tract

69
Q

What are the initial symptoms of urosepsis

A

Initially UTI symptoms:
Abnormal WBC count
Urgency
Frequency
Foul smelling urine
Dysuria
Lower abdominal pain

70
Q

What are some more severe s/s (pyelonephritis) associated with urosepsis

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Fever
Pain in lower spine (CVA tenderness) costovertebral angle tenderness

71
Q

What are sepsis symptoms

A

Respiratory rate 22 or higher
Systolic pressure less than 100mmhg
WBC too high or too low (4500 - 10,000 per microliter)

72
Q

What are symptoms of severe sepsis/septic shock

A

Organ failure, such as kidneys (decreased urine output)
Low platelet count
Change in mental status
High levels of lactic acid in blood (cells are not utilizing oxygen in the right way)

73
Q

How to we manage sepsis

A

Early goal directed therapy
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Control pain
Iv fluids to maintain blood pressure support
O2 therapy
Stick hourly I&O
Removal of am catheters or devices that may be infected
Supportive cure- stabilizing lungs and flow of blood

74
Q

Disorders in the male population.

A

Peyronies
Priapism
Phimosis
Hypospadius
Diphilia
PRE
Prostatitus
BPH/TURP
Prostate cancer
Testicular torsion
Erectile dysfunction (ED)

75
Q

What is peyronies

A

Scar tissue forms under skin of penis; plague pulls on surrounding tissue and causes penis to curve or bend during an erection

76
Q

What is a priapism

A

Prolonged painful erection without sexual desire

77
Q

What can priapism lead to

A

Can lead to impaired circulation and inability to urinate

78
Q

What can priapism cause

A

Neurological and vascular disorders
Meds
Injury

79
Q

What is phimosis

A

Inability to retract foreskin covering the head of the penis

80
Q

What is hypospadius

A

Birth defect in which opening of the urethra is located @ the tip of the penis, along the shaft, or where penis and scrotum meet

81
Q

What is Diphilia

A

Genetic condition present at birth in which a person has 2 penises

82
Q

What is penile ring entrapment (PRE)

A

Penile ring works by reducing outflow of blood, sustaining a longer erection
If left for extended period can lead to swelling of shaft, strangulation, gangrene, and even complete loss of distal penis

83
Q

What is the prostate gland

A

Male organ that produces semen and transports sperm during ejaculation

84
Q

What can an enlarged prostate put pressure on

A

Put pressure on urethra which can cause difficulty urinating

85
Q

What is the medical term for enlarged prostate

A

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (bph)

86
Q

What is acute prostatitis

A

A bacterial infection of the prostate usually with sudden, severe symptoms

87
Q

What is chronic bacterial prostatitis

A

Ongoing or recurring bacterial infection usually with less severe symptoms

88
Q

What is chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome

A

Ongoing or recurring pelvic pain and urianry tract symptoms with no evidence of infection

89
Q

What symptoms are seen in chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome

A

Flu-like
Pain in abdomen, groin, or back
Dysuria
Pain with ejaculation

90
Q

What is treatment for prostatitis

A

Acute bacterial- antibiotics- 4-6 wks
Chronic bacterial-antibiotics-8-12 wks

91
Q

What should we teach our pts that have prostatitis about

A

Safe sex
Wt loss
Avoid spicy or acidic foods
Avoid alcohol and caffeine
Eat more fresh/ unprocessed foods and less sugar
Water

92
Q

What is BPH

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia/enlarged prostate

93
Q

What enlarges when a pt has BPH

A

Prostrate gland enlarges which disrupts outflow of urine

94
Q

What is the main cause of urinary retention in men

A

BPH

95
Q

What are risk factors for BPH

A

Age
Obesity
High protein diet
Alcohol & smoking
Family history in first degree relative

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