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IM2 > Lower Urinary System Male/female Urinary And Reproductive Disorders > Flashcards

Lower Urinary System Male/female Urinary And Reproductive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

How much urine does the bladder hold

A

600-1000ml

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2
Q

Is the males urethra much longer than the females

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the muscle that keeps urine flowing

A

Detrusor muscle

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4
Q

How does urine flow in the body

A

It flows downward

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5
Q

Is urine sterile

A

Yes

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6
Q

How often should we go to the bathroom

A

Every 2-4 hours

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7
Q

Why should we do pelvic floor exercises

A

To keep things tight and in place

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8
Q

What fluids should we limit

A

Caffeine and carbonated drinks

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9
Q

What are the three types of urinary incontinence

A

Stress
Urge (overactive bladder)
functional,

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10
Q

What can CAUSE stress incontinence

A

Laughing
Sneezing
Coughing

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11
Q

What CAN cause urge incontinence

A

Having the sudden urge to go

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12
Q

What can cause functional incontinence

A

Illness
Disability
Cognitive problems

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13
Q

What muscles are weakened and can cause stress incontinence

A

Pelvic floor muscles and urinary sphincter weaken

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14
Q

What can cause the pelvic floor muscles and urinary sphincter to weaken

A

Childbirth or prostate surgery

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15
Q

What is the big name to know for urge incontinence

A

Overactive bladder

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16
Q

What is enuresis

A

Bed wetting

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17
Q

How can we help those with functional incontinence get to the restroom

A

Keep things out of the way
Have good lighting
Easy to remove clothes

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18
Q

What are anticholinergics used to treat

A

Treat urinary incontinence

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19
Q

What do anticholinergics du to the body

A

Dry YOU up

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20
Q

What does oxybutynin(ditropan) decrease

A

Decreases urgency
Frequency
Nucturia in the overactive bladder

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21
Q

What pt should we not give anticholinergics

A

A pt with BPH

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22
Q

What drug should we not give along with anticholinergics

A

Decongestants

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23
Q

What do anticholinergic cause

A

Urinary retention

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24
Q

What are treatments for incontinence issues

A

Pelvic floor exercise
Scheduled toileting times
Botox injections
Nerve stimulates

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25
What is urinary detention
Inability to empty the bladder all the way
26
What is the #1 cause of urinary retention
BPH
27
What are other causes of urinary retention
Obstruction- kidney stone Narrowing- urethral Tumors Certain meds - anticholinergics, opioids Being dehydrated Constipation
28
What is acute urinary retention
Sudden and often painful inability to urinate at all despite bladder fullness
29
Does acute urinary retention require intervention
Yes
30
What is chronic urinary retention
Gradual inability to empty the bladder; painless retention associated with increased volume of residual urine
31
If a pt has chronic urinary retention can the bladder still feel full after passing urine
Yes
32
What is overflow incontinence
Leaking urine without being able to control it
33
What is the nursing management steps of acute bladder retention
Bladder scan Palpate ht Ask about voiding history Need indwelling cath Drink small amounts of fluids Avoid alcohol, caffeine, acidic fruit Sitting in warm water or warm shower
34
What are nursing management things seconds for chronic urinary retention
Intermittent or indwelling urinary cath Schedule toileting
35
What is the most important risk factor for bladder cancer
Smoking
36
What is painless hemateria a sign of
Bladder cancer
37
Cancer can cause
Bladder inability Dysuria Frequency and urgency
38
What is the treatment for bladder cancer
Removing the bladder
39
What is a urostomy
Urine comes through an opening in the abdomen into a bag
40
What should the nurse do when one of the pts is getting a urinary diversion device
Teach family and pt about the device Address psychosocial aspect of stoma, stoma care and pouch application Encourage pt to talk about feelings related to stoma creation Enterostomal therapist consult to visit with pt
41
What is a neurogenic bladder
Nerves b/w spinal cord and brain don't work
42
What diseases can cause a pt to have neurogenic bladders
Parkinson's Multiple sclerosis Stroke Diabetes
43
What can the nurse do to help the neurogenic bladder pt
Provide routine voiding measures Avoid caffeine and alcohol Pelvic floor exercise Cath care when en indicated Meds-tamsulosin (flow max ) improves bladder storage and emptying
44
What diagnostic studies can we do for urine
Urinalysis Urine studies Serum creatinine Bun Creatinine clearance
45
When a serum creatinine is greater than 1.2 is what for women
Abnormal
46
When a serum creatinine is 1.4 for both men and women it means what
Abnormal
47
For a creatinine clearance what should the pt do with the first urine
Discard it
48
How long do we collect a creatinine clearance
24 hours
49
Where should they store the container for the 24 hour urine collection
On ice
50
Once the 24 hour collection is over what should we have the pt to beforefinishing the collection
Have them pee and add it to the collection
51
What is interstitial cystitis
Painful bladder syndrome
52
What are clinical manifestations of interstitial cystitis
Pain in perineum Persistent urgent need to void Painful intercourse Frequent urination Rain while bladder fills und relief after urinating May have autoimmune component
53
What can cause UTIs
Hormones Antibiotics Renal stones Diabetes Toiletries Obstructive prostate Vesicoureter reflux Over extended bladder Indwelling urinary catheter Decreased immune system
54
What is the number 1 cause of UTIs
Indwelling catheters
55
What should we teach our pts about UTIs
Fluids Food Eat Void Exercise
56
What is a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (cauti)
Most common hospital acquired infection
57
What is the #1 cause of prolonged use of urinary catheter
Cauti
58
What are some of the common bacteria for the UTIs
E. coli Pseudomonas Proteus marabilis
59
Who is at risk for UTIs
Peds and females Congenital defects Urinary retention Pregnant Menopause Multiple partners
60
What are s/s of UTIs
Hesitancy, frequency, urgency Dysuria Superpubic pain
61
How do we diagnose a UTI
UA/ urine culture +RBC Cloudy WBC Nitrites
62
What should we see in elders pts that have UTIs
Sudden change in loc Falls Tachypnea Anorexia Low grade fever or no fever
63
How should a nurse manage a UTI
Get a urinalysis Gena urine culture place pt on medications as ordered Prevent cauti Reverent urosipesis
64
How do we perform a clean catch urine sample
Wash hands Clean urinary opening with towelette front to back Void into toilet for a few seconds and stop Place sterile container into path of stream Restarturite and collect mid stream of urine
65
What are the CDC indications for indwelling urinary catheter
Acute urinary retention or bladder outlet obstruction Need for accurate I&O (hourly monitoring) Assist in healing of open sacral or perineal wounds Prior to certain surgical procedures Pt requires prolonged immobilization To improve comfort for end-of-life care
66
What is urosepsis
An untreated UTI that spreads to the kidneys
67
What causes urosepsis
Caused by infection from UTI
68
What are risk factors for urosepsis
Urinary catheters Advanced age Compromised immune system Diabetes Female gender Surgical procedures involving urinary tract
69
What are the initial symptoms of urosepsis
Initially UTI symptoms: Abnormal WBC count Urgency Frequency Foul smelling urine Dysuria Lower abdominal pain
70
What are some more severe s/s (pyelonephritis) associated with urosepsis
Nausea Vomiting Fever Pain in lower spine (CVA tenderness) costovertebral angle tenderness
71
What are sepsis symptoms
Respiratory rate 22 or higher Systolic pressure less than 100mmhg WBC too high or too low (4500 - 10,000 per microliter)
72
What are symptoms of severe sepsis/septic shock
Organ failure, such as kidneys (decreased urine output) Low platelet count Change in mental status High levels of lactic acid in blood (cells are not utilizing oxygen in the right way)
73
How to we manage sepsis
Early goal directed therapy Broad spectrum antibiotics Control pain Iv fluids to maintain blood pressure support O2 therapy Stick hourly I&O Removal of am catheters or devices that may be infected Supportive cure- stabilizing lungs and flow of blood
74
Disorders in the male population.
Peyronies Priapism Phimosis Hypospadius Diphilia PRE Prostatitus BPH/TURP Prostate cancer Testicular torsion Erectile dysfunction (ED)
75
What is peyronies
Scar tissue forms under skin of penis; plague pulls on surrounding tissue and causes penis to curve or bend during an erection
76
What is a priapism
Prolonged painful erection without sexual desire
77
What can priapism lead to
Can lead to impaired circulation and inability to urinate
78
What can priapism cause
Neurological and vascular disorders Meds Injury
79
What is phimosis
Inability to retract foreskin covering the head of the penis
80
What is hypospadius
Birth defect in which opening of the urethra is located @ the tip of the penis, along the shaft, or where penis and scrotum meet
81
What is Diphilia
Genetic condition present at birth in which a person has 2 penises
82
What is penile ring entrapment (PRE)
Penile ring works by reducing outflow of blood, sustaining a longer erection If left for extended period can lead to swelling of shaft, strangulation, gangrene, and even complete loss of distal penis
83
What is the prostate gland
Male organ that produces semen and transports sperm during ejaculation
84
What can an enlarged prostate put pressure on
Put pressure on urethra which can cause difficulty urinating
85
What is the medical term for enlarged prostate
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (bph)
86
What is acute prostatitis
A bacterial infection of the prostate usually with sudden, severe symptoms
87
What is chronic bacterial prostatitis
Ongoing or recurring bacterial infection usually with less severe symptoms
88
What is chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Ongoing or recurring pelvic pain and urianry tract symptoms with no evidence of infection
89
What symptoms are seen in chronic prostatitis/ chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Flu-like Pain in abdomen, groin, or back Dysuria Pain with ejaculation
90
What is treatment for prostatitis
Acute bacterial- antibiotics- 4-6 wks Chronic bacterial-antibiotics-8-12 wks
91
What should we teach our pts that have prostatitis about
Safe sex Wt loss Avoid spicy or acidic foods Avoid alcohol and caffeine Eat more fresh/ unprocessed foods and less sugar Water
92
What is BPH
Benign prostatic hyperplasia/enlarged prostate
93
What enlarges when a pt has BPH
Prostrate gland enlarges which disrupts outflow of urine
94
What is the main cause of urinary retention in men
BPH
95
What are risk factors for BPH
Age Obesity High protein diet Alcohol & smoking Family history in first degree relative

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