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IM2 > Fluid and Electrolytes Basic Info > Flashcards

Fluid and Electrolytes Basic Info Flashcards

1
Q

How do kidneys maintain fluid balance

A

adjust urine volume & excrete electrolytes

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2
Q

How does ADH maintain fluid balance

A

vasopressin; controls water retention

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3
Q

how does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system maintain fluid balance

A

releases renin

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4
Q

how does aldosterone maintain fluid balance

A

water regulator

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5
Q

what acronym helps us remember the 7 functions of the kidneys

A

AWETBED

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6
Q

what does A stand for in AWETBED

A

A: controlling ACID-base balance

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7
Q

what does W stand for in AWETBED

A

W: controlling WATER balance

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8
Q

what does E stand for in AWETBED

A

E: maintaining ELECTROLYTE imbalance

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9
Q

what does T stand for in AWETBED

A

T: removing TOXINS and waste products from the body

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10
Q

what does B stand for in AWETBED

A

B: controlling BLOOD pressure

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11
Q

what does E stand for in AWETBED

A

E: producing the hormone ERYTHROPIETIN

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12
Q

what does D stand for in AWETBED

A

D: activating VITAMIN D

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13
Q

What does ADH do for maintaining fluid balance

A

controls water retention

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14
Q

what is ADH referred to as

A

vasopressin

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15
Q

What does the Aldosterone (RAAS) system do to help maintain fluid balance

A

water regulator

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16
Q

Aldosterone (RAAS) regulates what?

A

Na and water

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17
Q

Aldosterone causes which organ to retain Na & water & excrete K

A

the kidneys

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18
Q

Is the K high or low when the aldosterone is low

A

high

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19
Q

Is the K high or low when the aldosterone is high

A

low

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20
Q

Aldosterone is released when Na is what and K is what

A

if Na is low and K is high

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21
Q

Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of and the excretion of what

A

reabsorption of Na and excretion of K

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22
Q

What is hypovolemia

A

ECF volume is reduced, results in decreased tissue perfusion

23
Q

what can cause hypovolemia

A

salt and water loss
vomiting
diarrhea
diuretics
third spacing

24
Q

Where does the salt and water loss come from during hypovolemia

A

from the ECF

25
Q

what is it called when there is water loss in the body

A

dehydration

26
Q

where does pure water loss come from

A

comes from total body water

27
Q

how much of this water loss is ECF

A

1/3

28
Q

dehydration is always what

A

hypernatremic

29
Q

how do we treat dehydration

A

free water admin

30
Q

what are ions found in our body fluids

A

electrolytes

31
Q

what do electrolytes conduct

A

electricity
energy

32
Q

what do electrolytes control

A

body fluids

33
Q

where are ions found in our body

A

body fluids

34
Q

what do electrolytes maintain

A

homeostasis

35
Q

electrolytes communicate

A

cell to cell
nerve to nerve
organ to organ

36
Q

what do electrolytes separate into when they are dissolved in water

A

ions

37
Q

what are ions

A

positively charged particles

38
Q

what electrolytes are cations (positively charged)

A

Na+
K+
Ca++
Mg+

39
Q

what electrolytes are anions (negatively charged particles)

A

Cl
HCO3 (bicarbonate)
Phosphate

40
Q

what four things deplete our electrolytes

A

vomiting
urination
bowel movement
sweating

41
Q

What are the 6 famous electrolytes

A

Magnesium (Mg+)
Phosphorus/Phosphate
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca+)
Chloride (Cl-)
Sodium (Na+)

42
Q

what is the normal range for Mg+

A

1.5-2.5

43
Q

what is the normal range for Phosphorus

A

2.4-4.5

44
Q

what is the normal range for K+

A

3.5-5.0

45
Q

what is the normal range for Ca+

A

8.5-10.5

46
Q

what is the normal range for Cl-

A

95-105

47
Q

what is the normal range for Na+

A

135-145

48
Q

What foods are rich in K+

A

fruits
green leafy veggies
spinach
salt substitutes

49
Q

what foods are rich in Na+

A

table salt
cheese
spices
canned/processed foods

50
Q

what are foods rich in Mg+

A

spinach
almonds
yogurt
green veggies
dark chocolate

51
Q

what are some foods rich in Ca+

A

milk
cheese
green veggies

52
Q

what are some foods rich in phosphorus

A

dairy
meats
beans

53
Q

what are some foods rich in chloride

A

salty foods
salt substitutes
canned foods
veggies like tomatoes
lettuce
celery
olives

IM2 (17 decks)

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