Fluid and Electrolytes Basic Info Flashcards
How do kidneys maintain fluid balance
adjust urine volume & excrete electrolytes
How does ADH maintain fluid balance
vasopressin; controls water retention
how does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system maintain fluid balance
releases renin
how does aldosterone maintain fluid balance
water regulator
what acronym helps us remember the 7 functions of the kidneys
AWETBED
what does A stand for in AWETBED
A: controlling ACID-base balance
what does W stand for in AWETBED
W: controlling WATER balance
what does E stand for in AWETBED
E: maintaining ELECTROLYTE imbalance
what does T stand for in AWETBED
T: removing TOXINS and waste products from the body
what does B stand for in AWETBED
B: controlling BLOOD pressure
what does E stand for in AWETBED
E: producing the hormone ERYTHROPIETIN
what does D stand for in AWETBED
D: activating VITAMIN D
What does ADH do for maintaining fluid balance
controls water retention
what is ADH referred to as
vasopressin
What does the Aldosterone (RAAS) system do to help maintain fluid balance
water regulator
Aldosterone (RAAS) regulates what?
Na and water
Aldosterone causes which organ to retain Na & water & excrete K
the kidneys
Is the K high or low when the aldosterone is low
high
Is the K high or low when the aldosterone is high
low
Aldosterone is released when Na is what and K is what
if Na is low and K is high
Aldosterone increases the reabsorption of and the excretion of what
reabsorption of Na and excretion of K
What is hypovolemia
ECF volume is reduced, results in decreased tissue perfusion
what can cause hypovolemia
salt and water loss
vomiting
diarrhea
diuretics
third spacing
Where does the salt and water loss come from during hypovolemia
from the ECF
what is it called when there is water loss in the body
dehydration
where does pure water loss come from
comes from total body water
how much of this water loss is ECF
1/3
dehydration is always what
hypernatremic
how do we treat dehydration
free water admin
what are ions found in our body fluids
electrolytes
what do electrolytes conduct
electricity
energy
what do electrolytes control
body fluids
where are ions found in our body
body fluids
what do electrolytes maintain
homeostasis
electrolytes communicate
cell to cell
nerve to nerve
organ to organ
what do electrolytes separate into when they are dissolved in water
ions
what are ions
positively charged particles
what electrolytes are cations (positively charged)
Na+
K+
Ca++
Mg+
what electrolytes are anions (negatively charged particles)
Cl
HCO3 (bicarbonate)
Phosphate
what four things deplete our electrolytes
vomiting
urination
bowel movement
sweating
What are the 6 famous electrolytes
Magnesium (Mg+)
Phosphorus/Phosphate
Potassium (K+)
Calcium (Ca+)
Chloride (Cl-)
Sodium (Na+)
what is the normal range for Mg+
1.5-2.5
what is the normal range for Phosphorus
2.4-4.5
what is the normal range for K+
3.5-5.0
what is the normal range for Ca+
8.5-10.5
what is the normal range for Cl-
95-105
what is the normal range for Na+
135-145
What foods are rich in K+
fruits
green leafy veggies
spinach
salt substitutes
what foods are rich in Na+
table salt
cheese
spices
canned/processed foods
what are foods rich in Mg+
spinach
almonds
yogurt
green veggies
dark chocolate
what are some foods rich in Ca+
milk
cheese
green veggies
what are some foods rich in phosphorus
dairy
meats
beans
what are some foods rich in chloride
salty foods
salt substitutes
canned foods
veggies like tomatoes
lettuce
celery
olives
