Intro to Diabetes

Question 1

What is diabetes

Answer 1

multi-system disease related to abnormal/impaired utilization of insulin

Question 2

What causes diabetes (regardless of type)

Answer 2

genetic
hereditary
autoimmune
lifestyle

Question 3

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 3

produces enzymes for digestion

Question 4

what is the endocrine function of the pancreas

Answer 4

produces hormones: insulin & glucagon

Question 5

what does insulin do in the body

Answer 5

lowers bs

Question 6

what does glucagon do in the body

Answer 6

raises bs

Question 7

what does the liver do with glucose

Answer 7

stores and produces it

Question 8

What cells of the pancreas make insulin

Answer 8

the beta cells

Question 9

Which muscle and tissues are insulin-dependent

Answer 9

skeletal muscle
adipose tissue

Question 10

what cells of the pancreas make glucagon

Answer 10

alpha cells

Question 11

What are the counter regulatory hormones

Answer 11

cortisol
growth hormone
epinephrine
glucagon

Question 12

What do counter regulatory hormones lead to utilization of what in the body

Answer 12

glycogen stores

Question 13

Under what conditions are counter regulatory hormones increased

Answer 13

under stressful conditions

Question 14

How does epinephrine promote sugar production

Answer 14

acts directly on the kidney which promotes breakdown and release of fat nutrients

Question 15

Where do the broken down fat and nutrients that are released go and what are they converted into

Answer 15

they go to the liver and are converted into sugar and keatones

Question 16

What cells are affected by cortisol and make them resistant to the action of insulin

Answer 16

fat and muscle cells

Question 17

What enhances the production of glucose by the liver

Answer 17

cortisol

Question 18

What does cortisol do under normal circumstances to the insulin in the body

Answer 18

it counterbalances

Question 19

What happens to insulin as we become stressed or take cortisol medication which raises our cortisol levels

Answer 19

the body becomes insulin resistant

Question 20

What does the growth hormone do to insulin in the body

Answer 20

it counterbalances the effect of insulin

Question 21

what cells does the growth hormone counterbalance the effect of insulin on

Answer 21

muscles and fat cells

Question 22

What happens to the body if there are high levels of growth hormone

Answer 22

the body becomes insulin resistant

Question 23

what is glycolysis

Answer 23

process which glucose broken down into water and CO2 with the release of energy

Question 24

what is glycogenolysis

Answer 24

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 25

what is gluconeogenesis

Answer 25

process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources (protein and fat)

Question 26

When does the liver make sugar

Answer 26

when you’re not eating
Overnight
b/w meals