Insulin Flashcards
What is endogenous insulin
originates within the body
What is exogenous insulin
originates outside the body
exogenous insulin restores the cells in the body to do what with glucose
use glucose as energy
what does exogenous insulin correct
hyperglycemia
what type of diabetes does exogenous insulin treat
both type 1 & type 2
what levels does insulin lower (think electrolyte/lab)
plasma potassium
What is human insulin (insulin treatment)
identical to insulin produced by the pancreas
what is human insulin analogs (insulin treatment)
modified forms of human insulin
what does basal-bolus insulin therapy mimic
mimics physiological insulin secretion of a “normal” pancreas
what does basal mean in the basal-bolus insulin therapy process
a little insulin all day and night
what does bolus mean in the basal-bolus insulin therapy process
burst of insulin with meals to cover carbs eaten
Why is a correction dose given to correct bs along with basal-bolus
to correct bs elevations that occur despite using basal and mealtime insulin
what type of insulin is basal
long acting
what type of insulin is required in all type 1 diabetics
basal insulin
what type of insulin is bolus
fast acting
what is bolus insulin used for
given for rise in bs when food is consumed
what is bolus insulin used to cover
IV dextrose
enteral nutriton
TPN
when do we give the bolus/mealtime insulin
when the meal is in the pt’s room and they are ready to eat
should mealtime insulin be given if the patient is NPO
no
why is fast acting insulin given in addition to the basal-bolus insulin
to help correct a high level bs and bring it down to a normal range quickly
when is rapid acting insulin given
with meals
what types of rapid acting insulin are there
aspart (Novolog)
lispro (Humalog)
glulisine (Apidra)
how soon should the pt eat when rapid acting insulin is given
within 15 mins of admin
what routes cna short acting insulin be given
iv
im
subq
why is short-acting insulin given
for routine treatment to control postprandial (after meal) hyperglycemia
what types of short acting insulin are there
regular insulin (Humulin R, Novilin R)
what is intermediate insulin used for
provides glycemia control between meals & during the night
how often is intermediate insulin given
2-3 times
is the onset immediate or delayed with intermediate insulin
onset is delayed
can intermediate insulin be used for postprandial control
no
What types of intermediate insulin are there
NPH (Humulin, Novolin N)
What other type of insulin can intermediate insulin be mixed with
mixed with short acting insulin
Is intermediate insulin clear or cloudy
cloudy
where is the only place intermediate insulin can be administered
subq
when does the dosing for long term insulin need to occur
can be done anytime but needs to be the same time everyday
what types of long duration insulin are there
glargine (Lantus)
determir (Levemir)
when is longer duration insulin given
injected once daily
what form does longer duration come in
pre-filled pens
what types of longer duration are there
glargine U-300 (Toujeo)
degludec (Tresiba)
What does U-100 mean
100units/mL
if we are mixing insulin what should always be drawn up first
the clear before the cloudy
where are the insulin injection sites
upper arm
abdomen
upper thigh
upper buttock
Where should unopened insulin vials be stored
in the fridge
should we freeze insulin
no
where can we store the insulin if the vial has been opened
kept at room temp for 1 month
