Magnesium Disorders Hypomagnesemia Mnemonics Flashcards
What does the mnemonic ‘MAG LOSS’ represent?
Categories: Malabsorption, Alcohol, Gut, Kidney, Other, Shifts, Substances
What are the causes of hypomagnesemia related to Malabsorption?
Mnemonic: ‘DAMAGE’
* Diarrhea
* Alcohol (chronic)
* Malabsorption (sprue, steatorrhea)
* Absorption defects (TRPM6 mutation)
* Gastric suction (nasogastric)
* Excessive laxatives
What does the mnemonic ‘DRUNK’ describe?
Alcohol-related causes of hypomagnesemia:
* Diarrhea
* Renal wasting (alcohol-induced)
* Undernutrition (poor intake)
* Nutritional ketosis (starvation)
* Kidney Mg²⁺ loss
What are the causes of gut loss in hypomagnesemia?
Mnemonic: ‘FLUID’
* Fistulas (intestinal/biliary)
* Laxatives
* Uptake blocked (PPIs, resection)
* Infusions (Mg²⁺-free IV)
* Draining (NG suction)
What does the mnemonic ‘P.O.M.’ stand for in kidney wasting?
Pee Out Mg²⁺:
* Polyuria (DKA, hypercalcemia)
* Osmotic diuretics (mannitol, glucose)
* Medications (diuretics, drugs, DCT/TALH defects)
What are the other causes of hypomagnesemia represented by the mnemonic ‘BONES’?
Other causes:
* Burns (skin loss)
* Osteoblasts (hungry bone syndrome)
* Neonatal (maternal diabetes)
* Exercise (sweat loss)
* Shift (cellular: insulin/epinephrine)
What does the mnemonic ‘DROP Mg²⁺’ refer to?
Substances (drugs) that cause hypomagnesemia:
* Diuretics
* Rapamycin/cyclosporine
* Other drugs (PPIs, foscarnet)
* Pentamidine/amphotericin
What are the causes of shifts in hypomagnesemia classified by the mnemonic ‘SHIFT’?
Shifts (intracellular):
* Surgery (hungry bone)
* Hyperthyroidism
* Insulin/glucose infusion
* Fight-or-flight (epinephrine)
* Total parenteral nutrition (low Mg²⁺)
True or False: ‘MAG LOSS’ is a mnemonic that helps recall the main categories of hypomagnesemia causes.
True
Fill in the blank: The mnemonic for causes related to Malabsorption is _______.
DAMAGE
Fill in the blank: The mnemonic for alcohol-related mechanisms is _______.
DRUNK
Fill in the blank: The mnemonic for kidney wasting is _______.
P.O.M.
Fill in the blank: The mnemonic for other causes is _______.
BONES
Fill in the blank: The mnemonic for substances that cause hypomagnesemia is _______.
DROP Mg²⁺
Fill in the blank: The mnemonic for shifts in hypomagnesemia is _______.
SHIFT
What does the mnemonic ‘CLINICAL Mg²⁺’ represent?
Key inherited hypomagnesemia syndromes and their features:
* C: CLDN16/19 (FHHNC)
* L: Low Ca²⁺ + seizures (TRPM6)
* I: Isolated dominant (FXYD2)
* N: Normocalciuria (EGF mutation)
* I: Intellectual disability (EAST)
* C: Chondrocalcinosis (FXYD2/Gitelman)
* A: Ataxia + deafness (EAST)
* L: Low K⁺ + Mg²⁺ (EAST/Gitelman)
What does the mnemonic ‘STONES’ describe?
Features of FHHNC (CLDN16/19):
* S: Secondary hypercalciuria
* T: Tubular wasting (Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺)
* O: Ocular issues (CLDN19 only)
* N: Nephrocalcinosis
* E: Early CKD
* S: Salt-wasting (polyuria)
What does the mnemonic ‘NEONATE’ indicate?
Features of TRPM6 Deficiency:
* N: Neonatal seizures
* E: Extreme hypomagnesemia
* O: Oral Mg²⁺ for life
* N: No urine Ca²⁺ loss
* A: Autosomal dominant
* T: Tetany (hypocalcemia)
* E: Emergency IV Mg²⁺
What does the mnemonic ‘DEAF KID’ represent?
Features of EAST Syndrome:
* D: Deafness (sensorineural)
* E: Epilepsy
* A: Ataxia
* F: FXYD2-like labs (but recessive)
* K: K⁺ wasting (hypokalemia)
* I: Intellectual disability
* D: DCT dysfunction (Kir4.1)
What urine calcium levels correspond to the mnemonics?
Urine calcium clues:
* High Ca²⁺: FHHNC (CLDN16/19)
* Low Ca²⁺: FXYD2 or Gitelman (but Gitelman has ↓K⁺)
* Normal Ca²⁺: TRPM6 or EGF mutations
What does the treatment mnemonic ‘Mg²⁺ Rx’ include?
Treatment strategies:
* M: Mg²⁺ supplements (all disorders)
* G: Gitelman-like? Add K⁺ (EAST)
* 2: 2nd-line: Thiazides (FHHNC for hypercalciuria)
* +: Transplant (FHHNC if CKD progresses)
True or False: ‘Low Mg²⁺ lets K⁺ go’ refers to refractory hypokalemia.
True
Fill in the blank: ‘No Mg²⁺ → No ______’.
PTH
