Kidney Handling of NaCl and Water Mnemonics Flashcards
What does the mnemonic ‘Please Let The Dog Out’ represent?
Nephron segments: Proximal → Loop → DCT → Collecting Duct
What does ‘SAD HORSE’ refer to in proximal tubule reabsorption?
- Sodium
- Amino acids
- Dextrose (glucose)
- HCO₃⁻
- Organic anions
- Regulated water
- Secretes H⁺
- Electrolytes (K⁺, Cl⁻)
What does the mnemonic ‘DAD’ describe in the context of the Loop of Henle?
- Drinks water (AQP1)
- Allows urea
- Doesn’t transport NaCl
What does ‘MUM’ indicate for the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle?
- Moves NaCl up (NKCC2)
- Urea impermeable
- Makes dilute urine
What is the role of ‘FUN’ in loop diuretics?
Furosemide blocks Upward NKCC2
What does the mnemonic ‘TAN’ refer to in thiazides?
Thiazides act on Apical NCC
What does ‘ENaC’ represent in the collecting duct?
Electrogenic Na⁺ Channel (amiloride target)
What hormones are indicated by the mnemonic ‘AAA’?
- Aldosterone
- Angiotensin II
- ADH
What does ‘PAN’ indicate regarding Na⁺ losing factors?
- PGE₂
- ANP
- NO (nitric oxide)
What does ‘GoLoB’ stand for in genetic tubulopathies?
- Gitelman (NCC ↓)
- Liddle (ENaC ↑)
- Bartter (NKCC2/ROMK ↓)
What is the ‘EAST’ syndrome?
- Epilepsy
- Ataxia
- Sensorineural deafness
- Tubulopathy
What does ‘H₂O ADH’ signify in water handling?
High ADH → Distal H₂O reabsorption (AQP2/3/4)
What does the mnemonic ‘P.L.A.T.E.’ refer to concerning diuretic sites?
- Proximal (CA inhibitors)
- Loop (furosemide)
- Alpha-intercalated (K⁺-sparing)
- Thiazides (DCT)
- ENaC blockers (CD)
What electrolyte patterns are associated with Bartter/Gitelman syndromes?
HypoK⁺, HypoCl⁻, Metabolic Alkalosis
What does the mnemonic ‘Liddle’ imply about sodium handling?
HyperNa⁺, HypoK⁺, Low renin/aldosterone
Fill in the blank: In the context of Gitelman syndrome, the mnemonic indicates a _______ loss.
Gentle
True or False: The Loop of Henle’s descending limb is permeable to NaCl.
False
