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Analysis of Urine, Other Body Fluids, and Miscellaneous Specimens > Macroscopic Urine Examination > Flashcards

Macroscopic Urine Examination Flashcards

1
Q

physical examination of urine includes:

A
  • urine color
  • clarity
  • specific gravity
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2
Q

pigment present in urine that gives a yellow color of urine

A

urochrome

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3
Q

urochrome was named by

A

Thudichum

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4
Q

pink pigment, is most evident in specimens that have been refrigerated, resulting in the precipitation of amorphous urates. attached to the urates, producing a pink color to the sediment.

A

uroerythrin

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5
Q

amorphous material in acidic level

A

amorphous urates

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6
Q

amorphous material in alkaline level

A

amorphous phosphate

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7
Q
  • pigment of amorphous urates

- pigment of amorphous phosphate

A
  • pink

- white

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8
Q

an oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent urobilinogen, imparts an orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh

A

urobilin

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9
Q

constituent of urobilinogen

A

urobilin

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10
Q

urine color associated with oxidation of porphobilinogen to porphyrins

A

red / port wine

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11
Q

urine color associated with melanoma and alkaptonuria

A

black

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12
Q

_ - oxidation product of the colorless pigment, melanogen, produced in excess when a malignant _ is present

A

melanin; melanoma

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13
Q

_ metabolite of phenylalanine, imparts a black color to alkaline urine from persons with the inborn-error of metabolism, called alkaptonuria

A

homogentisic acid

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14
Q

condition which urine color is normal at first but when left standing at RT changed color to black

A

alkaptonuria

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15
Q

inborn-error of metabolism that produce black urine

A

alkaptonuria

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16
Q

urine color associated with pseudomonas infection

A

green

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17
Q

urine color associated with clorets

A

blue-green

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18
Q

urine clarity with no visible particulates, transparent

A

clear

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19
Q

urine clarity with few particulates, print easily seen through urine

A

hazy

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20
Q

urine clarity with print cannot be seen through urine

A

turbid

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21
Q

urine clarity with many particulates, print blurred through urine

A

cloudy

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22
Q

urine clarity with precipitate or be clotted

A

milky

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23
Q

t/f. milky urine is not rare.

A

false

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24
Q

Semen is only reported when the physician is checking for _

A

fertility

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25
Q

point of reference

A

Squamous epithelial cells

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26
Q

condition which sperm goes to urine bladder instead of urethra

A

retrograde ejaculation

27
Q

Nonpathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A

SMASFRTV
“smasfortv”

  • Squamous epithelial cells
  • Mucus
  • Amorphous phosphates, carbonates, urates
  • Semen, spermatozoa
  • Fecal contamination
  • Radiographic contrast media
  • Talcum powder
  • Vaginal creams
28
Q

Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A

RWBYNALL
“rawbynall”

  • RBC
  • WBC
  • Bacteria
  • Yeast
  • Nonsquamous epithelial cells
  • Abnormal Cysts
  • Lymph fluid
  • Lipids
29
Q

evaluation of urine concentration

A

specific gravity

30
Q

urine with a specific gravity of 1.010

A

isosthenuric

31
Q

urine with a specific gravity of <1.010

A

hyposthenuric

32
Q

urine with a specific gravity of >1.010

A

hypersthenuric

33
Q

specific gravity of most random specimens fall between

A

1.015 and 1.030

34
Q

to determine whether specimen concentration is adequate to ensure the accuracy of chemical tests

A

specific gravity

35
Q

current urine specific gravity measurement

A
  • refractometer
  • osmolality
  • reagent strip
36
Q

specific gravity measurement with a principle of pKa changes in polyelectrolyte by ions present

A

Reagent strip

37
Q

specific gravity measurement with a principle of changes in colligative properties by particle number

A

osmolality

38
Q

refractometry principle

A

refractive index

39
Q

calibration of manual specific gravity measurement for every 1 gram of protein subtract _

A

0.003

40
Q

calibration of manual specific gravity measurement for every 1 gram of glucose subtract _

A

0.004

41
Q

temperature adjustment in refractometer

A

none

42
Q

temperature adjustment in urinometer

A

Temperature C = 5/9 (F-32)

43
Q

color microscopic correlations

A

blood

44
Q

clarity microscopic correlations

A
  • hematuria vs. hemoglobinuria / myoglobinuria

- pathologic and non pathologic cause of turbidity

45
Q

(turbid) gross hematuria has _ RBCs

A

packed-filled

46
Q

microscopic hematuria has _ RBCs

A

intact

47
Q

blood microscopic correlations

A

RBCs, RBC Casts

48
Q

protein microscopic correlations

A

casts, cells

49
Q

nitrite microscopic correlations

A

bacteria, wbcs

50
Q

a true UTI is accompanied by _

A

WBCs

51
Q

leukocyte esterase microscopic correlations

A

wbcs, wbc casts, bacteria

52
Q

glucose microscopic correlations

A

yeast

53
Q

normal urine odor

A

aromatic

54
Q

Foul, ammonia-like odor caused by

A

UTI, bacterial decomposition

55
Q

Fruity, sweet odor is caused by

A

Ketones (diabetes mellitus, starvation, vomiting)

56
Q

Maple syrup urine disease odor

A

maple syrup

57
Q

rancid odor is caused by

A

tyrosinemia

58
Q

mousy odor is caused by

A

phenylketonuria

59
Q

sweaty feet odor is caused by

A

isovaleric acidemia

60
Q

cabbage odor is caused by

A

methionine malabsorption

61
Q

bleach odor is caused by

A

contamination

62
Q

rotting fish “galunggong-like” odor is caused by

A

trimethylaminuria

63
Q

urinary pigments that are present when refrigerated

A
  • urochrome

- uroerythrin

Analysis of Urine, Other Body Fluids, and Miscellaneous Specimens (8 decks)

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