Macroscopic Urine Examination

Question 1

physical examination of urine includes:

Answer 1

• urine color
• clarity
• specific gravity

Question 2

pigment present in urine that gives a yellow color of urine

Answer 2

urochrome

Question 3

urochrome was named by

Answer 3

Thudichum

Question 4

pink pigment, is most evident in specimens that have been refrigerated, resulting in the precipitation of amorphous urates. attached to the urates, producing a pink color to the sediment.

Answer 4

uroerythrin

Question 5

amorphous material in acidic level

Answer 5

amorphous urates

Question 6

amorphous material in alkaline level

Answer 6

amorphous phosphate

Question 7

• pigment of amorphous urates

- pigment of amorphous phosphate

Answer 7

• pink

- white

Question 8

an oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent urobilinogen, imparts an orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh

Answer 8

urobilin

Question 9

constituent of urobilinogen

Answer 9

urobilin

Question 10

urine color associated with oxidation of porphobilinogen to porphyrins

Answer 10

red / port wine

Question 11

urine color associated with melanoma and alkaptonuria

Answer 11

black

Question 12

_ - oxidation product of the colorless pigment, melanogen, produced in excess when a malignant _ is present

Answer 12

melanin; melanoma

Question 13

_ metabolite of phenylalanine, imparts a black color to alkaline urine from persons with the inborn-error of metabolism, called alkaptonuria

Answer 13

homogentisic acid

Question 14

condition which urine color is normal at first but when left standing at RT changed color to black

Answer 14

alkaptonuria

Question 15

inborn-error of metabolism that produce black urine

Answer 15

alkaptonuria

Question 16

urine color associated with pseudomonas infection

Answer 16

green

Question 17

urine color associated with clorets

Answer 17

blue-green

Question 18

urine clarity with no visible particulates, transparent

Answer 18

clear

Question 19

urine clarity with few particulates, print easily seen through urine

Answer 19

hazy

Question 20

urine clarity with print cannot be seen through urine

Answer 20

turbid

Question 21

urine clarity with many particulates, print blurred through urine

Answer 21

cloudy

Question 22

urine clarity with precipitate or be clotted

Answer 22

milky

Question 23

t/f. milky urine is not rare.

Answer 23

false

Question 24

Semen is only reported when the physician is checking for _

Answer 24

fertility

Question 25

point of reference

Answer 25

Squamous epithelial cells

Question 26

condition which sperm goes to urine bladder instead of urethra

Answer 26

retrograde ejaculation

Question 27

Nonpathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

Answer 27

SMASFRTV “smasfortv” - Squamous epithelial cells - Mucus - Amorphous phosphates, carbonates, urates - Semen, spermatozoa - Fecal contamination - Radiographic contrast media - Talcum powder - Vaginal creams

Question 28

Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

Answer 28

RWBYNALL “rawbynall” - RBC - WBC - Bacteria - Yeast - Nonsquamous epithelial cells - Abnormal Cysts - Lymph fluid - Lipids

Question 29

evaluation of urine concentration

Answer 29

specific gravity

Question 30

urine with a specific gravity of 1.010

Answer 30

isosthenuric

Question 31

urine with a specific gravity of <1.010

Answer 31

hyposthenuric

Question 32

urine with a specific gravity of >1.010

Answer 32

hypersthenuric

Question 33

specific gravity of most random specimens fall between

Answer 33

1.015 and 1.030

Question 34

to determine whether specimen concentration is adequate to ensure the accuracy of chemical tests

Answer 34

specific gravity

Question 35

current urine specific gravity measurement

Answer 35

- refractometer - osmolality - reagent strip

Question 36

specific gravity measurement with a principle of pKa changes in polyelectrolyte by ions present

Answer 36

Reagent strip

Question 37

specific gravity measurement with a principle of changes in colligative properties by particle number

Answer 37

osmolality

Question 38

refractometry principle

Answer 38

refractive index

Question 39

calibration of manual specific gravity measurement for every 1 gram of protein subtract _

Answer 39

0.003

Question 40

calibration of manual specific gravity measurement for every 1 gram of glucose subtract _

Answer 40

0.004

Question 41

temperature adjustment in refractometer

Answer 41

none

Question 42

temperature adjustment in urinometer

Answer 42

Temperature C = 5/9 (F-32)

Question 43

color microscopic correlations

Answer 43

blood

Question 44

clarity microscopic correlations

Answer 44

- hematuria vs. hemoglobinuria / myoglobinuria | - pathologic and non pathologic cause of turbidity

Question 45

(turbid) gross hematuria has _ RBCs

Answer 45

packed-filled

Question 46

microscopic hematuria has _ RBCs

Answer 46

intact

Question 47

blood microscopic correlations

Answer 47

RBCs, RBC Casts

Question 48

protein microscopic correlations

Answer 48

casts, cells

Question 49

nitrite microscopic correlations

Answer 49

bacteria, wbcs

Question 50

a true UTI is accompanied by _

Answer 50

WBCs

Question 51

leukocyte esterase microscopic correlations

Answer 51

wbcs, wbc casts, bacteria

Question 52

glucose microscopic correlations

Answer 52

yeast

Question 53

normal urine odor

Answer 53

aromatic

Question 54

Foul, ammonia-like odor caused by

Answer 54

UTI, bacterial decomposition

Question 55

Fruity, sweet odor is caused by

Answer 55

Ketones (diabetes mellitus, starvation, vomiting)

Question 56

Maple syrup urine disease odor

Answer 56

maple syrup

Question 57

rancid odor is caused by

Answer 57

tyrosinemia

Question 58

mousy odor is caused by

Answer 58

phenylketonuria

Question 59

sweaty feet odor is caused by

Answer 59

isovaleric acidemia

Question 60

cabbage odor is caused by

Answer 60

methionine malabsorption

Question 61

bleach odor is caused by

Answer 61

contamination

Question 62

rotting fish “galunggong-like” odor is caused by

Answer 62

trimethylaminuria

Question 63

urinary pigments that are present when refrigerated

Answer 63

- urochrome | - uroerythrin