Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Analysis of Urine, Other Body Fluids, and Miscellaneous Specimens > Introduction to Urinalysis > Flashcards

Introduction to Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

5th century BCE, he wrote a book on “uroscopy”

A

Hippocrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

By _ ,color charts had been developed that described the significance of 20 different colors.

A

1140 CE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

He discovered “ant testing” and “taste testing” for glucose of albuminuria by boiling urine.

A

Frederik Dekkers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Year of Frederik Dekker’s discovery (albuminuria by boiling urine)

A

1694

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In what year did he wrote a book about charlatans which inspired the passing of the first medical licensure law in England?

A

Thomas Bryant in 1627

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The invention of the microscope in the __ led to the examination of urinary sediment and to the development by __ of methods for quantitating the microscopic sediment.

A

17th century; Thomas Addis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

He introduced the concept of urinalysis as part of a doctor’s routine patient examination in _.

A

Richard Bright in 1827

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

“the testing of urine with procedures commonly performed in an expeditious, reliable, accurate, safe, and cost-effective manner.”

A

urinalysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The _ continuously form urine as an ultrafiltrate of plasma.

A

kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Urine is normally _ water and _ solutes,

A

95%; 5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a metabolic waste product produced in the liver from the breakdown of protein and amino acids

A

Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Urea is product of _ and _ metabolism

A

protein; amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primary organic component.

A

Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Primary inorganic component.

A

Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Product of creatine metabolism by muscles

A

Creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Product of nucleic acid breakdown in food and cells

A

Uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sodium chloride is also known as

A

Table salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primarily from salt,

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Combined with chloride and other salts

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Combines with sodium to buffer the blood

A

Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Phosphate is combined with sodium to buffer the _.

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Regulates blood and tissue fluid acidity

A

Ammonium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Combines with chloride, sulfate, and phosphate

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Derived from amino acid

A

Sulfate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Regulates muscle

A

Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Product of benzoic acid in detoxification

A

Hippuric Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hippuric acid is product of _ in detoxification

A

benzoic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Average normal daily urine output

A

1200 - 1500 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Normal daily urine output is

A

600 - 2000 mL

30
Q

decrease in urine output

A

Oliguria

31
Q

Oliguria may lead to

A

anuria

32
Q

not processing urine / cessation of urine flow, may result from any serious damage to the kidneys or from a decrease in the flow of blood to the kidneys

A

anuria

33
Q

An increase in the night excretion of urine

A

nocturia

34
Q

an increase in daily urine volume

A

polyuria

35
Q

often associated with diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus

A

polyuria

36
Q

_ is caused by a defect either in the pancreatic production of insulin or in the function of insulin, which results in an _ body glucose concentration.

A

Diabetes mellitus; increased

37
Q

Diabetes mellitus has _ specific gravity.

A

increased

38
Q

Diabetes mellitus does not reabsorb excess _.

A

glucose

39
Q

Diabetes insipidus does not reabsorb excess _.

A

water

40
Q

Diabetes inspidus has _ specific gravity.

A

decreased

41
Q

increased ingestion of water

A

polydipsia

42
Q

t/f. both diabetes inspidus and mellitus has diluted urine.

A

true

43
Q

The recommended capacity of the container is _ mL, which allows _ mL of specimen needed for microscopic analysis.

A

50; 12

44
Q

Specially designed sterile containers are available that have a lid with a transfer device that can be assessed with a device called _

A

transfer straw

45
Q

Following collection, specimens should be delivered to the laboratory promptly and tested within _ hours.

A

2

46
Q

may be collected at any time, but the actual time of voiding should be recorded on the container

A

random specimen

47
Q

the most commonly received specimen because of its ease of collection and convenience for the patient

A

random specimen

48
Q

the ideal screening specimen

A

First Morning Specimen

49
Q

Samples for routine testing:

A
  • Random
  • First morning
  • Midstream clean-catch
50
Q

concentrated specimen, thereby assuring detection of chemicals and formed elements that may not be present in a dilute random specimen

A

First Morning Specimen

51
Q

First Morning Specimen purposes

A
  • routine
  • pregnancy tests
  • orthostatic proteinuria
52
Q

Glucose Tolerance Specimens

is tested for _ and _, and the results are reported along with the blood test results

A

glucose; ketones

53
Q

test for patient’s ability to metabolize a measured amount of glucose and are correlated with the renal threshold for glucose

A

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

54
Q

specimen for quantitative chemical tests

A

24-Hour (or Timed) Specimen

55
Q

solutes exhibit diurnal variations (afternoon):

A

catecholamines, 17-hydroxysteroids, and electrolytes

56
Q

When the concentration of the substance to be measured changes with diurnal variations and with daily activities such as exercise, meals, and body metabolism, _ is required.

A

24-hour collection

57
Q

test on a catheterized specimen

A

bacterial culture

58
Q

catheterized specimen collected under sterile conditions by passing a hollow tube (catheter) through the _ into the _

A

urethra; bladder

59
Q

provides a specimen that is less contaminated by epithelial cells and bacteria and, therefore, is more representative of the actual urine than the routinely voided specimen

A

Midstream Clean-Catch Specimen

60
Q

provides a sample for bacterial culture that is completely free of extraneous contamination

A

Suprapubic Aspiration

61
Q

Suprapubic Aspiration is collected by external introduction of a needle through the _ into the _.

A

abdomen; bladder

62
Q

Urine samples for bacterial culture

A
  • Catheterized
  • Midstream clean-catch
  • Suprapubic aspiration
63
Q

Methods for Prostatitis Specimen

A

Three-Glass Collection

Pre- and Post-Massage Test

64
Q

Specimen used to cytologic examination

A

Suprapubic Aspiration

65
Q

In prostatic infection, the third specimen will have a _ / high-power field count and a bacterial count _ times that of the first specimen.

A

white blood cell; 10

66
Q

In three-glass collection, the second specimen is used as a control for _ infection.

A

bladder and kidney

67
Q

T/F. The second specimen is used as a control for bladder and kidney infection. If it is positive, the results from the third specimen are invalid because infected urine has contaminated the specimen.

A

True

68
Q

The _ is the process that provides this documentation of proper sample identification from the time of collection to the receipt of laboratory results.

A

chain of custody (COC)

69
Q

In drug testing, _ mL of urine required

A

30 to 45 mL

70
Q

In drug testing, the temperature of urine required is:

A

32.5°C to 37.7°C

Analysis of Urine, Other Body Fluids, and Miscellaneous Specimens (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions