Macronutrients: Carbohydrates Flashcards
what are the three types of macronutrients?
carbohydrates, fats, proteins
polyhydroxy aldhyde and ketone upon hydrolysis
carbohydrates
major source of energy
carbohydrates
one sugar unit and building blocks of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
types of monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
other term of glucose
dextrose and blood sugar
hormones in glucose
insulin, glucagon, adrenaline
lowers blood sugar level
insulin
increases blood sugar level
glucagon
increases blood sugar level drastically
adrenaline
Insulin dependent
Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin resistant
Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes in pregnant women
Gestational
type of insulin for type 1 diabetes
exogenous insulin
create glucose from carbohydrate materials
gluconeogenesis
another term for fructose
levulose, fruit sugar
brain sugar
galactose
sweetest of simple sugars
fructose
double sugars are made up od 2 monosaccharides
disaccharides
table sugar
sucrose
used in cooking and baking
sucrose
milk sugar
lactose
glucose+fructose
sucrose
glucose+galactose
lactose
malt sugar due to germination of barley
maltose
glucose+glucose
maltose
made up of 10 or more sugar units
polysaccharides
storage form of glucose in plants
starch
oryza sativa
rice
formed as intermediate products in the breakdown of starch
dextrins
framework of plants found in unrefined graines, vegetables, and fruits.
cellulose
delay GI transit and glucose absorption and lower blood cholesterol
soluble
accelerate GI transit, increase fecal weight, slow down starch hydrolysis, and delay glucose abdorption
insoluble
colloidal polysaccharides having a gel quality. treat diarrhea as they absorb toxins and bacteria in the intestine. bind cholesterol reducing amount the blood can absorb
pectins
storage form of glucose in animals
glycogens
