Introduction, Cell, Digestion Flashcards
Study of food and how the body makes use of it.
Nutrition
To maintain health process and life
Nutrition
State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.
Health
Chemical substances found in food
Nutrients
Basic unit of life
cell
What are the three major parts of cell
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, nucleus
Protects the cell
Cell membrane
Organelles
Cytoplasm
Passageway for the transport of materials within the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Has ribosomes attached to its membranes in order to synthesize secretory proteins
Rough ER
Has no ribosomes attached and synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates
Smooth ER
Tiny structures of protein and rRNA that are sites of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
String of flat membranous sacs that synthesize carbohydrates
Golgi Apparatus
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
Suicide bag
lysosome
Shapes of bacteria
cocci, bacilli, dimorphic
Control center of the cell
Nucleus
Process of breaking down food into smaller nutrients
Digestion
Acts as catalyst which speed/slow reaction
Enzymes
Carbohydrates begins digestion in…
Mouth
What is the enzymes found in the mouth?
alpha salivary amylase
Also known as pharynx, transfers food from the mouth to the esophagus and warms, moistens, and filters air before food is moved into the trachea
throat
the esophagus us a long and thin muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach
esophagus
zone of high pressure
lower esophageal sphincter
Sac-like organ with tough muscular walls.
stomach
in small intestine has a protrusion that absorbs nutrients
microvilli
absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
Small intestine
secretes enzymes and hormones into the small intestine, which break down protein, fat, and carbohydrates from food
pancreas
produces and secretes bile, site of biotransformation
liver
what is the hormone found in gallbladder
cholecystokinin
Pear-shaped reservoir located just under the liver
gallbladder
Normal color of urine and feces
yellow
absorption of water and vitamins
large intestine
formation of fecal
large intestine
receives stool from the colon and holds the stool until defacation
rectum
end of the digestive tract which consist of the pelvic floor muscles and the two anal sphincter
anus
breakdown food into smaller nutrient that can be used in the cell. begins in mouth with saliva. enzymes needed are in the equilibrium
chemical digestion
starts in mouth as it chews
mechanical digestion
mechanical digestion: teeth, tongue, palates
mouth
mechanical digestion: peristalsis
esophagus
mechanical digestion: muscular churning action
stomach
mechanical digestion: bile and peristalsis
Small Intestine
