Macromolecules Flashcards
What is hetrochromatin?
Area of condensed DNA where genes are turned off.
What is Euchromatin?
Lightly packed form of DNA, where gened have the ability to be switched on.
What are the components of the cell?
70% Water
15% Protein
5% Carbohydrates
Less than 1% RNA
Less than 1% DNA
What does a nucleotide consist of?
Sugar(ribose,deoxyribose)
Base(C,G,T or A)
Phosphate
What is a nucleic acid?
Nucleic acid is an important class of macromolecules found in all cells and viruses. The functions of nucleic acids have to do with the storage and expression of genetic information.
What is the differences and similarities between DNA and RNA?
What are purines?
Adenine and Guanine
What are Pyrimidines?
Cytosine and Thymine.
How does the structure of nuceic acids enable them to function?
Nucleic acids are soluble in water, allowing them to be in our bodies.This is due to the phoshodiester backbone being charged.
They have four bases, wichh allow us to have different codes and sequences, hence being read different.
Has the ability to copy and pass down information from cells to other generations.
Structure of protein?
What is an R group?
R group interactions stablise ‘secondary structure’ of protien.There is a range of R groups.
The can form hydrogen, elcrostatic bonds and disulhide bridges(occur between cystines)
What does protein phosphorylation do?
It alters conformation/activity of protein.
It can recruit ‘effectore’ proteins.
What are polysaccharides?
a carbohydrate (e.g. starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.
What is the function of Lipids?
Chemical messengers.
Storage and provision of energy.
Maintenance of temperature.
Membrane lipid layer formation.
Cholesterol formation. .
Prostaglandin formation and role in inflammation.
What is the function of proteins?
Antibody- Antibodies bind to specific foreign particles, such as viruses and bacteria, to help protect the body.
Enzyme- Enzymes carry out almost all of the thousands of chemical reactions that take place in cells. They also assist with the formation of new molecules by reading the genetic information stored in DNA.
Messenger-Messenger proteins, such as some types of hormones, transmit signals to coordinate biological processes between different cells, tissues, and organs.
Structural component-These proteins provide structure and support for cells. On a larger scale, they also allow the body to move.
Transport/storage- These proteins bind and carry atoms and small molecules within cells and throughout the body.
