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Biology 1 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

C6H12O6

A

Glucose

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2
Q

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

ratio of 1:2:1

A

Carbohydrates Elements

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3
Q

Functions: provides short term energy

A

Carbohydrate Functions

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4
Q

Examples:
Starch: plants store sugar
Cellulose: makes plants sturdy in cell wall(snap of celery)
Glycogen: animals store sugar(made from glucose by the liver)

A

Carbohydrate Examples

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5
Q

Structure=

  • Simple Sugars(monosaccharide): glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose
  • Single Hexagon
A

Carbohydrate Structure

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6
Q

Structure =

  • Complex Carbohydrates(polysaccharide): glycogen, starch, cellusose
  • Multiple hexagons connected
A

Carbohydrate Structure

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7
Q

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, low amounts of Oxygen

A

Lipid Elements

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8
Q

Examples: Fats, Oils, Waxes, Steroids

A

Lipid Examples

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9
Q

Functions:

  • make up your cell membrane
  • long term energy storage
  • insulator(nerves have a covering like a charger)
  • hormones/steroids(testosterone, estrogen)
A

Lipid Functions

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10
Q

Structure: 1 glycerol head, 3 fatty acid tails

A

Lipid Structure

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11
Q

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

A

Protein Elements

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12
Q

Examples: Meats, Eggs, Nuts, Beans

A

Protein Examples

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13
Q

Functions:

  • part of the cell membrane
  • enzymes(speed up reactions)
  • regulate our genes
  • make antibodies
  • transport things in the body(blood)
  • movement and muscles
  • hormones(insulin)
A

Protein Functions

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14
Q

Structure:

  • Amino Acid(monomer
  • Polypeptide(polymer
A

Protein Structure

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15
Q

Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus

A

Nucleic Acids Structure

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16
Q

Examples: DNA and RNA

A

Nucleic Acids Examples

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17
Q

Functions: stores genetic information

A

Nucleic Acid Functions

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18
Q

Structure:

  • Nucleotide(monomer
  • Nucleic Acid(Polymer
A

Nucleic Acid Structure

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19
Q

4 types of carbon bonds

A

covalent bonds(single, double, triple, quadruple)

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20
Q

3 elements your body needs trace elements of for proper functioning

A

calcium, potassium, sulfur

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21
Q

subunits of carbohydrates

A

amino acids, carboxyl group

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22
Q

double sugars(sucrose)

A

disaccharides

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23
Q

What forms when water is removed to hold amino acids together?

A

Peptide Bonds

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24
Q

True/False? Lipids are nonpolar.

A

True. They don’t dissolve in water.

25
Q

What will lipids dissolve in?

A

Other nonpolar molecules.

26
Q

What makes up cell membranes?

A

Phospholipids

27
Q

Single bonds between carbon in the fatty acid chain

A

saturated

28
Q

Double bonds between carbon in the fatty acid chain

A

unsaturated

29
Q

True/False? The head of a phospholipid hates water and is hydrophobic.

A

False. They love water and are hydrophilic.

30
Q

True/False? The 2 heads of a phospholipid love water and are hydrophilic.

A

False. They hate water and are hydrophobic.

31
Q

1 Phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen base

A

Nucleotide Structure

32
Q

3 Phosphate groups, a 5 carbon sugar, a nitrogen base

A

ATP Structure

33
Q

High energy nucleotide

A

ATP

34
Q

No other kind of atom can form the number and variety of molecules that …………. can because it can bond to 4 other atoms at the same time to make carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins

A

Carbon

35
Q

……………. is made up of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group

A

Nucleotide

36
Q

Nitrogen Base found in DNA but not in RNA

A

Thymine

37
Q

What 2 kinds of molecules combine to form cell membranes

A

phospholipids and proteins

38
Q

What are thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

A

Nitrogen bases used to make nucleotides

39
Q

Which part of the phospholipid is non-polar and hydrophobic?

A

the lipid tails

40
Q

True/False?

The 20 different POLYSACCHARIDES used to make proteins differ in what is attached in their R group position.

A

False; AMINO ACIDS

41
Q

True/False?

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide that makes plants sturdy

A

True

42
Q

True/False?

One function of PROTEINS is to provide insulation.

A

False; LIPIDS

43
Q

True/False?

People with diabetes can’t make HEMOGLOBIN to control their blood sugar.

A

False; INSULIN

44
Q

Double Stranded

A

DNA

45
Q

Single Stranded

A

RNA

46
Q

Contains Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, and deoxiribose

A

DNA

47
Q

Contains Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil, and ribose

A

RNA

48
Q

Protein hormone that tells animal cells to store blood glucose as glycogen

A

Insulin

49
Q

Double stranded, nucleic acid made from nucleotide subunits containing A, T, G, and C that stores genetic info in cells

A

DNA

50
Q

Protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body

A

Hemoglobin

51
Q

Membrane protein with carbohydrates attached that helps cells identify “self” and plays a role in blood types, organ transplants, and germ recognition

A

glycoproteins

52
Q

Macromolecule wit a polar glycerol head and 2 non-polar hydrophobic tails used to make cell membranes

A

Lipid

53
Q

Single stranded nucleic acid made from nucleotide subunits containing A, U, C, and G which carries information from the DNA to the cell for protein synthesis

A

RNA

54
Q

Storage form of glucose used by plant cells

A

Starch

55
Q

Storage form of glucose used by animal cells

A

Glycogen

56
Q

Structural polysaccharide made from glucose subunits that makes plants sturdy

A

Cellulose

57
Q

Nucleotide subunit make from ribose sugar, adenine, and 3 phosphates which stores and transports energy in cells

A

ATP

58
Q

Polar molecule made from 1 oxygen and 2 hydrogen atoms that is required by all living things.

A

H2O(water)

Biology 1 (10 decks)

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