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Biology 1 > Cell Cycle Vocabulary > Flashcards

Cell Cycle Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

the process of producing gametes which occurs in the sex organs

A

gametogenesis

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2
Q

when 2 homologous chromosomes fail to separate during Meiosis I

A

non-disjunction

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3
Q

a fertilized egg

A

zygote

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4
Q

the production of sperm by meiosis in the male sex organs

A

spermatogenesis

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5
Q

a pair of similar chromosomes in meiosis I consisting of one paternal and one maternal chromosome

A

homologous

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6
Q

one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome

A

chromatid

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7
Q

the exchange of genetic material(DNA) between 2 homologous chromosomes

A

crossing over

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8
Q

the division of egg cells by meiosis in the female sex organs

A

oogenesis

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9
Q

the replication of DNA occurs in the S phase of this non dividing phase of the cell cycle

A

interphase

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10
Q

a disorder in which some of the body’s cells divide out of control

A

cancer

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11
Q

non-disjunction at chromosome #21

A

Down’s Syndrome

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12
Q

event that brings 2 haploid cells back to the diploid state

A

fertilization

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13
Q

division of the cell nucleus, results in two daughter nuclei, each have the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

one of two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome

A

Chromatid

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15
Q

clusters of microtubules radiating out from the poles in dividing cells. They are present in animal cells, but not in the cells of flowering plants and most gymnosperms

A

Asters

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16
Q

the breaking and rejoining of homologous(non sister) chromatids during early meiotic prophase I, resulting in an exchange of genetic material.

A

Crossing Over

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17
Q

the 2n cell that results from the union of n gametes in sexual reproduction. Species that are non polyploidy have haploid gametes and diploid zygotes

A

Zygote

18
Q

The stage of mitosis, and of meiosis I and II, in which the chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane of the cell

A

Metaphase

19
Q

The condition of having one set of chromosomes per nucleus

A

Haploid

20
Q

The complex of DNA, proteins and some RNA that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes

A

Chromatin

21
Q

Structures in the cell nucleus, composed of chromatin and containing the genes

A

Chromosomes

22
Q

Cyclic series of events in the life of a dividing eukaryotic cell; consists of stages of interphase, mitosis, an cytokinesis

A

Cell Cycle

23
Q

The first stage of mitosis and and meiosis I and II; chromosomes become visible as distinct structure, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle forms

A

Prophase

24
Q

An X shaped site in a tetrad marking the location where homologous chromatids previously underwent crossing over

A

Chiasma

25
Q

A sex cell; in plants and animals, an egg or sperm

A

Gamete

26
Q

Type of reproduction in which 2 gametes(usually, but not necessarily, contributed by 2 different parent) fuse to form a zygote

A

Sexual Reproduction

27
Q

The chromosomal constitution of an individual; generally prepared by photographing the chromosomes and arranging the homologous pairs according to size, centromere position and patter of band

A

Karyotype

28
Q

Structure consisting mainly of microtubules that provides the framework for chromosome movement during cell division

A

Spindle

29
Q

Process in which a 2n cell undergoes 2 successive nuclear divisions, potentially production 4 nuclei; leads to the formation of gametes in animals and spores in plants

A

Meiosis

30
Q

A type of reproduction involving only one parent(genetically identical offspring)

A

Asexual Reproduction

31
Q

Stage of the cell cycle between successive mitotic divisions; its subdivisions are the G1, S, and G2 phases

A

Interphase

32
Q

Stage in interphase of the cell cycle during which DNA and other chromosomal constituents are synthesized

A

S phase

33
Q

Chromosome complex formed by the synapsis of homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase I

A

Tetrad

34
Q

A population of cells descended by mitotic division from a single ancestral cell, or a population of genetically identical organisms asexually propagated from a single individual

A

Clone

35
Q

the condition of having two sets of chromosomes per nucleus

A

Diploid

36
Q

Stage of cell division in which the cytoplasm is divided to form 2 daughter cells

A

Cytokinesis

37
Q

Portion of the chromosome centromere to which the mitotic spindle fivers attach

A

Kinetochore

38
Q

The process of physical association of homologous chromosomes during prophase I

A

Synapsis

39
Q

The structure that forms during cytokinesis in plants, separating the two daughter cells produced by mitosis

A

Cell Plate

40
Q

Fusion of n gametes; results in the formation of a 2n zygote

A

Fertilization

41
Q

Specialized constricted region of a chromatid; contains the kinetochore

A

Centromere

42
Q

The last stage of mitosis, and or meiosis I and II, when, having reached the poles, chromosomes become decondensed, and a nuclear envelope forms around each group

A

Telophase

Biology 1 (10 decks)

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