Cell Cycle Vocabulary

Question 1

the process of producing gametes which occurs in the sex organs

Answer 1

gametogenesis

Question 2

when 2 homologous chromosomes fail to separate during Meiosis I

Answer 2

non-disjunction

Question 3

a fertilized egg

Answer 3

zygote

Question 4

the production of sperm by meiosis in the male sex organs

Answer 4

spermatogenesis

Question 5

a pair of similar chromosomes in meiosis I consisting of one paternal and one maternal chromosome

Answer 5

homologous

Question 6

one of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome

Answer 6

chromatid

Question 7

the exchange of genetic material(DNA) between 2 homologous chromosomes

Answer 7

crossing over

Question 8

the division of egg cells by meiosis in the female sex organs

Answer 8

oogenesis

Question 9

the replication of DNA occurs in the S phase of this non dividing phase of the cell cycle

Answer 9

interphase

Question 10

a disorder in which some of the body’s cells divide out of control

Answer 10

cancer

Question 11

non-disjunction at chromosome #21

Answer 11

Down’s Syndrome

Question 12

event that brings 2 haploid cells back to the diploid state

Answer 12

fertilization

Question 13

division of the cell nucleus, results in two daughter nuclei, each have the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

Answer 13

Mitosis

Question 14

one of two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome

Answer 14

Chromatid

Question 15

clusters of microtubules radiating out from the poles in dividing cells. They are present in animal cells, but not in the cells of flowering plants and most gymnosperms

Answer 15

Asters

Question 16

the breaking and rejoining of homologous(non sister) chromatids during early meiotic prophase I, resulting in an exchange of genetic material.

Answer 16

Crossing Over

Question 17

the 2n cell that results from the union of n gametes in sexual reproduction. Species that are non polyploidy have haploid gametes and diploid zygotes

Answer 17

Zygote

Question 18

The stage of mitosis, and of meiosis I and II, in which the chromosomes line up on the equatorial plane of the cell

Answer 18

Metaphase

Question 19

The condition of having one set of chromosomes per nucleus

Answer 19

Haploid

Question 20

The complex of DNA, proteins and some RNA that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 20

Chromatin

Question 21

Structures in the cell nucleus, composed of chromatin and containing the genes

Answer 21

Chromosomes

Question 22

Cyclic series of events in the life of a dividing eukaryotic cell; consists of stages of interphase, mitosis, an cytokinesis

Answer 22

Cell Cycle

Question 23

The first stage of mitosis and and meiosis I and II; chromosomes become visible as distinct structure, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle forms

Answer 23

Prophase

Question 24

An X shaped site in a tetrad marking the location where homologous chromatids previously underwent crossing over

Answer 24

Chiasma

Question 25

A sex cell; in plants and animals, an egg or sperm

Answer 25

Gamete

Question 26

Type of reproduction in which 2 gametes(usually, but not necessarily, contributed by 2 different parent) fuse to form a zygote

Answer 26

Sexual Reproduction

Question 27

The chromosomal constitution of an individual; generally prepared by photographing the chromosomes and arranging the homologous pairs according to size, centromere position and patter of band

Answer 27

Karyotype

Question 28

Structure consisting mainly of microtubules that provides the framework for chromosome movement during cell division

Answer 28

Spindle

Question 29

Process in which a 2n cell undergoes 2 successive nuclear divisions, potentially production 4 nuclei; leads to the formation of gametes in animals and spores in plants

Answer 29

Meiosis

Question 30

A type of reproduction involving only one parent(genetically identical offspring)

Answer 30

Asexual Reproduction

Question 31

Stage of the cell cycle between successive mitotic divisions; its subdivisions are the G1, S, and G2 phases

Answer 31

Interphase

Question 32

Stage in interphase of the cell cycle during which DNA and other chromosomal constituents are synthesized

Answer 32

S phase

Question 33

Chromosome complex formed by the synapsis of homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase I

Answer 33

Tetrad

Question 34

A population of cells descended by mitotic division from a single ancestral cell, or a population of genetically identical organisms asexually propagated from a single individual

Answer 34

Clone

Question 35

the condition of having two sets of chromosomes per nucleus

Answer 35

Diploid

Question 36

Stage of cell division in which the cytoplasm is divided to form 2 daughter cells

Answer 36

Cytokinesis

Question 37

Portion of the chromosome centromere to which the mitotic spindle fivers attach

Answer 37

Kinetochore

Question 38

The process of physical association of homologous chromosomes during prophase I

Answer 38

Synapsis

Question 39

The structure that forms during cytokinesis in plants, separating the two daughter cells produced by mitosis

Answer 39

Cell Plate

Question 40

Fusion of n gametes; results in the formation of a 2n zygote

Answer 40

Fertilization

Question 41

Specialized constricted region of a chromatid; contains the kinetochore

Answer 41

Centromere

Question 42

The last stage of mitosis, and or meiosis I and II, when, having reached the poles, chromosomes become decondensed, and a nuclear envelope forms around each group

Answer 42

Telophase