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Neurology > Macroanatomy (FS - Week 1) > Flashcards

Macroanatomy (FS - Week 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the forebrain comprised of?

A
  1. Cerebrum/Telencephalon

2. Diencephalon

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2
Q

Name 3 physical features of the cerebrum

A
  1. gyri (bumps)
  2. sulci (grooves)
  3. fissures (deep)
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3
Q

What is the postcentral gyrus receptive of? Where is it located?

A

somatic sensation e.g. touch

in the parietal lobe

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4
Q

What separates the postcentral gyrus from the precentral gyrus?

A

central sulcus

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5
Q

What is the precentral gyrus responsible for? Where is it located

A

voluntary movement

in the frontal lobe

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6
Q

What separates the precentral and postcentral gyrus from the superior temporal gyrus?

A

Lateral (sylvian) fissure

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7
Q

What is the superior temporal gyrus responsible for?

A

audition

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8
Q

What is the cerebrum comprised of? What are each of features of the cerebrum comprised of?

A
  1. Cerebral cortex
    - frontal lobe
    - temporal lobe
    - parietal lobe
    - occipital lobe
  2. subcortical structures
    - hippocampus
    - basal ganglia
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9
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A
  • controls voluntary movement
  • controls behaviour
  • motivation and attention
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10
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A
  • sensory processing interpretation e.g. touch

- Proprioception e.g. balance of the body

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11
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A
  • Auditory

- Memory

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12
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A
  • visual processing interpretation e.g. distance and depth perception, colour, object and face recognition
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13
Q

What are the 2 features of the subcortical structures?

A
  • hippocampus

- basal ganglia

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14
Q

What are the functions of the hippocampus?

A
  • Learning and memory formation

- regulation of the HPA axis

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15
Q

Name a hippocampal dysfunction

A

Amnesia - Anterograde/retrograde

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16
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

regulating movement - initiation and maintenance of movement

17
Q

Name 2 basal ganglia dysfunctions

A
  1. Huntington’s disease - affects GABAergic neurons

2. Parkinson’s disease - affects Dopaminergic neurons

18
Q

Where is the diencephalon located

A

forebrain between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex

19
Q

What is the diencephalon comprised of?

A
  • thalamus

- hypothalamus

20
Q

What is the thalamus’ function?

A
  • relays between the sensory and motor systems and the cerebral cortex
  • regulates arousal, pain, mood motivation and cognitive functions
21
Q

Name a dysfunction of the thalamus

A

Synaesthesia - blending of information streams

22
Q

What is the Hypothalamus’ function

A
  • homeostatic, reproductive, fight or flight
23
Q

Name a dysfunction of the hypothalamus

A

Hyperthyroidism/hypothyroidism

24
Q

What is the brainstem comprised of?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla oblongata
25
Q

What is the Midbrain’s function?

A

controls:

  • eye movement
  • auditory
  • visual processing
  • motor functions
26
Q

Name a dysfunction of the midbrain

A

Parkinson’s disease - affects motor function

27
Q

What is the Pons function?

A
  • relays motor information from the cerebrum to the medulla oblongata & spinal cord & cerebellum
28
Q

What is the medulla oblongata’s function?

A

Controls:

  • breathing
  • heart rate
  • blood pressure
29
Q

What is the cerebellums function?

A
  • detects difference between intended movement and actual movement
  • aids motor cortex to produce precise coordinated movement
30
Q

Name the segments of the spinal cord and their location

A
  • cervical vertebrae - neck C1-C7
  • thoracic vertebrae - ribs T1-T12
  • lumbar vertebrae - lower back L1-L5
  • sacral vertebrae - pelvic S1-S5
31
Q

Name and describe the 2 roots the spinal cord splits into

A
  1. Dorsal root - a bunch of sensory neuron axons that carry info TO the spinal cord
  2. Ventral root - bunch of motor neuron axons that carry info AWAY to the muscle
32
Q

Name and describe the 2 components of a transverse section of the spinal cord

A
  1. Grey matter - comprised of neuronal cells bodies divided into horns
  2. White matter - comprised of axon bundles divided into columns
33
Q

Name and describe 2 spinal cord injuries

A
  1. tetraplegia - full/partial loss of sensation and movement in all 4 limbs and torso
    Caused by damage to cervical C1-C7 vertebrae
  2. paraplegia - full/partial loss of sensation and movement in both legs and torso
    Caused by damage to the thoracic, lumbar or sacral
34
Q

What is the meninges? What is its function?

A

3 membranous layers that cover the brain and spinal cord
Function:
- protection
- passage of cerebrospinal fluid via the ventricular system
- support of cerebral & spinal blood vessels via the vasculature system

35
Q

What is the ventricular system and of the brain comprised of?

A
  • lateral ventricles
  • third ventricle
  • fourth ventricle
36
Q

What is the function of the ventricular system

A

It is cerebrospinal fluid filled spaces that lie in the core of the forebrain and brainstem

  • protection of the brain
  • transport e.g. nutrients
  • regulation of buoyancy
37
Q

What is the vasculature of the brain and what is it comprised of?

A

blood supply of the brain

  • vertebral arteries
  • internal carotid arteries

Neurology (16 decks)

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