macro molocules Flashcards
what are the 4 most important macromolecules
proteins, sugars, lipids, DNA
what do fats (lipids) provide and where are they found?
it provides energy storage in the cell as well as phospholipids they are found in oils such as butter oil
what do proteins provide? and where are they found
they strengthem bone, and amino acids also keriten which is found in your hair and fingernails, these are mainly found in meats and eggs
what does DNA (nucleic acid) provide
these are your genes it’s what makes you, you there are to types DNA in humans and most animals and RNA which is found in in mircooragnisims
what do sugars provide
sugars (carbs) are used in things like ceeluar resperation and gives short term energy
what is hydrolysis
its like reverse dyhradion where are mouvle of water is added to a macromolecule
what are macromolocules
these molocules are larger like sulfur and oxygen
what are the most important molocules to life
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur
what is an enzyme
they are a protein that acts like a catalyst to increase the rate of reaction
how do enzymes make reactions faster
they are different shapes this helps so it can combine with other substrate molecule and that substrate mouclue binds with an active site so it can do the job faster
how does tempature affect enzymes
it can alter the shape meaning if it’s to cold the enzyme won’t be felxable enough to work and if it’s to warm it won’t be able to hold it’s shape
how does ph effect enzymes
human enzymes work best with ph balance of 6 to 8 but some don’t like the ones found in the stomach which are better in acidic places
what are inhibitors
they weaken and enzymes ability to bind with by blocking the substrate and stopping enzyme activity
differences between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors
competitive inhibitors will attach themselves to enzymes at the active site while non competitive inhibitors will attach themselves to another part of the enzyme
what is use of vitimans and minerals
vitimans are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic they are not macromolecules but they play a role in syntheseing and braking down compounds for energy
what is an enzyme-substrate complex
it is when an enzyme has to change according to the shape this can alter substrates
what are non competitive inhibators
they connect to the enzyme not at the active site affecting the shape of the enzyme so substrates wont fit
what are competitive inhibators
they bind to the active site
what would you use the biuret test for
testing protien
what would you test for in lipids
transulsentsy test
how would you test carbs
the benidicts test
what are peptide bonds
a chain of amino acids a long chain is called a poly peptide
how does dehydration syntheses work
a covalengt bond is formed between two sub units by removing an OH bond and adding H this makes water
what are simple sugars
a simple sugar contains 3 to 7 carbon bonds these are monoacarides
difference between disaccharides and polysaccharides
a disaccharides are made up of two simple sugars while the other is made up of multiple
difference between saturated and unsaterated fat
saturated fat does not have a double covalent bond between its carbon atoms so it contains all the hydrogen atoms it can bond with while unsaturated fat do have the double covlantent bonds
what do fatty acids form
triglyerieds they are no n polar molecules its made up of one glycerol and three fatty acid chains
what do minerals do
there INORGANIC they help build up bone and cartilage they are easily absorbed into the bloodstream and are essential components in hemoglobin
