macro molocules Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

what are the 4 most important macromolecules

A

proteins, sugars, lipids, DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what do fats (lipids) provide and where are they found?

A

it provides energy storage in the cell as well as phospholipids they are found in oils such as butter oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do proteins provide? and where are they found

A

they strengthem bone, and amino acids also keriten which is found in your hair and fingernails, these are mainly found in meats and eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does DNA (nucleic acid) provide

A

these are your genes it’s what makes you, you there are to types DNA in humans and most animals and RNA which is found in in mircooragnisims

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do sugars provide

A

sugars (carbs) are used in things like ceeluar resperation and gives short term energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is hydrolysis

A

its like reverse dyhradion where are mouvle of water is added to a macromolecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are macromolocules

A

these molocules are larger like sulfur and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the most important molocules to life

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is an enzyme

A

they are a protein that acts like a catalyst to increase the rate of reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do enzymes make reactions faster

A

they are different shapes this helps so it can combine with other substrate molecule and that substrate mouclue binds with an active site so it can do the job faster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does tempature affect enzymes

A

it can alter the shape meaning if it’s to cold the enzyme won’t be felxable enough to work and if it’s to warm it won’t be able to hold it’s shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how does ph effect enzymes

A

human enzymes work best with ph balance of 6 to 8 but some don’t like the ones found in the stomach which are better in acidic places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are inhibitors

A

they weaken and enzymes ability to bind with by blocking the substrate and stopping enzyme activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

differences between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors

A

competitive inhibitors will attach themselves to enzymes at the active site while non competitive inhibitors will attach themselves to another part of the enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is use of vitimans and minerals

A

vitimans are organic compounds while minerals are inorganic they are not macromolecules but they play a role in syntheseing and braking down compounds for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is an enzyme-substrate complex

A

it is when an enzyme has to change according to the shape this can alter substrates

17
Q

what are non competitive inhibators

A

they connect to the enzyme not at the active site affecting the shape of the enzyme so substrates wont fit

18
Q

what are competitive inhibators

A

they bind to the active site

19
Q

what would you use the biuret test for

A

testing protien

20
Q

what would you test for in lipids

A

transulsentsy test

21
Q

how would you test carbs

A

the benidicts test

22
Q

what are peptide bonds

A

a chain of amino acids a long chain is called a poly peptide

23
Q

how does dehydration syntheses work

A

a covalengt bond is formed between two sub units by removing an OH bond and adding H this makes water

24
Q

what are simple sugars

A

a simple sugar contains 3 to 7 carbon bonds these are monoacarides

25
Q

difference between disaccharides and polysaccharides

A

a disaccharides are made up of two simple sugars while the other is made up of multiple

26
Q

difference between saturated and unsaterated fat

A

saturated fat does not have a double covalent bond between its carbon atoms so it contains all the hydrogen atoms it can bond with while unsaturated fat do have the double covlantent bonds

27
Q

what do fatty acids form

A

triglyerieds they are no n polar molecules its made up of one glycerol and three fatty acid chains

28
Q

what do minerals do

A

there INORGANIC they help build up bone and cartilage they are easily absorbed into the bloodstream and are essential components in hemoglobin