DIGESTION and dissorders Flashcards

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1
Q

what are all parts of the digestive systems

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas. liver, small intestine, colon, anus

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2
Q

what is salivary amylase?

A

it is the thing that breaks down foods into simple sugars (disacarricdes)

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3
Q

how does swallowing work

A

the esophagus pushed the food down through wave-like contractions called peristalsis into the esophageal sphincter.

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4
Q

what does the esophageal sphincter do?

A

this helps so that any acidic contents stay in the stomach

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5
Q

how doe sthe stomach work

A

its main function is to store and churn and mix food. the acid in stomach helps breaking down and turn it into chyme which is a thick liquid. next it goes down to the phyloric spincter

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6
Q

what happens when trhere is no food

A

the steps

  1. gastric acid is made until food is present
  2. stomach cells secrete mucus so the gastric juice don’t destroy the stomach.
  3. it makes a digestive protein pepsin in a inactive state until HCL is present
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7
Q

howdoes absorbtion work in the small intestine

A

part of it is segmenation which is when the chyme sloshes agansit the sides of circle muscle make contact, the main function this part is to the macromolecules where they needed to be

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8
Q

reagions and stuctre of the small intestine

A

one part is the duodenum which is the shorest and widest part, the jejunum and ileum these parts have more folds and ileum which is the absorb any nutrients left

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9
Q

what are villi and microvilli

A

they are the smooth bumps in the small intestine that help with absorption

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10
Q

what roles does the pancreas play

A

the pancreas brings pancreatic fiuld to the duodenum this fuild includes ensymes such as trypsin and chymotrypsin which help with digestion and pancreatic amylase which makes carbs that help digest starch and finally lipase which digest fats

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11
Q

what does the liver do

A

it prosses blood and breaks down and balenses nutrainst

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12
Q

what does the gall baldder do

A

it stores the bile until next time

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13
Q

what do the coiln do

A

it absorbds the last of the water and some nutrients before the chyme aka food leaves

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14
Q

what is the role of HCL in the stomach

A

the actvation of enzyme pepsin also breaking up food but not peptide bonds and kills unwanted bacteria

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15
Q

what does the small intestine absorb

A

all the things lactose enymes in the pancreas help breakdown to absorb those enzymes the small intestine and stomach make and break down most food

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16
Q

what are the salivary enzymes

A

amylase and maltase, amylase breaksdown strch into maltose and that maltose gets broken down further into glucose

17
Q

what are the small intestine hormons

A

gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK)

18
Q

what is the role of gastrin

A

it is found in the stomach it secretes HCL and pepsinogin

19
Q

what is the role of secretin

A

it brings enzymes biocarbonate and bile and inbits stomach peristalis and HCL secrection

20
Q

CCK role

A

digestive enzymes and allowance for bile to enter

21
Q

what is mechanical digestion

A

it is when you chew this is to increase surface area so enzymes can do enzyme things

22
Q

what is chem digestion

A

when food is actually broken down

23
Q

what chemicals breakdown which macromolocules

A

carbs: salivary amylase, panceratic amylase,
proteins: pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin
lipids: panceratic lipase

24
Q

point of villi and micro villi

A

to increase surface area