macro Flashcards
Tourism and hospitality industries go hand in
hand even though considered to be independent
with each other, this is because both industries
strongly affect one another. The hospitality
industry act as the main supplier of safe and
satisfying products and services for tourism
(supply chain integration)
Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality
Components/Networks of
Tourism and Hospitality
- Food and Beverage services
- Accommodation or Lodging services
- Leisure and recreation services
- Tourism services
Begun from simple origins: as people traveled from their homes, going about their business, they often had a need or desire to eat or drink. People always look for foods and drinks everywhere-hotel, restaurant, shopping malls, and there is increase in personal and social events such as birthday parties, business meetings and increase in population, large number of people visit establishments who caters food services often.
FOOD AND BEVERAGE
2 DISTINCT TYPES
OF F&B
ESTABLISHMENTS
COMMERCIAL FOOD SERVICES and NON-COMMERCIAL FOOD SERVICES
comprise operations whose primary business is food and beverage.
COMMERCIAL FOOD SERVICES
where food and beverages are served but they are not the primary business.
NON-COMMERCIAL FOOD SERVICES
Services in food and beverage
Table service
Family service
Plate service
French service
Gueridon service
Silver service
means accommodations for a period or a place to sleep for overnight or long-term services to people. Lodging may also include accommodation of customers looking for other activities such as
entertainment (casino hotels) or for recreational activities (resort
hotels). Because of this, the lodging industry has greatly increased its
services to different types and needs of the people.
ACCOMMODATION/LODGING
any activity that people do for rest, relaxation and enjoyment to make them free from the demands of work and duty. These started many centuries ago when people (the host) entertain their guests at home. The host feel obliged to attend to the needs of his/her guests giving them
food, beverages place to stay and
some entertainment such as games-golf, tennis and chess or outside activities-hiking, swimming, concerts.
LEISURE AND RECREATION
5 COMPONENTS OF
LEISURE/RECREATION
1.SPORTS AND PHYSICAL RECREATION
2. ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
3. COUNTRYSIDE RECREATION
4. HOME-BASED LEISURE
5. PLAY AND ACTIVITY-BASED LEISURE
form of physical activity which involves some element of competition between 2 or more groups and usually is governed by rules and uncompetitive activities.
SPORTS AND PHYSICAL
RECREATION
-active or participative, e.g. playing volleyball and basketball
-passive or spectator, e.g. watching a game
BASED ON THE ROLE OF THE PERSON INVOLVED
PHYSICAL RECREATION CAN
BE DIVIDED INTO 2 TYPES
- BASED ON THE ROLE OF THE PERSON INVOLVED
- . BASED ON THE LOCATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
-Land-based recreation and tourism
examples: hiking, golfing, biking, camping, and sports game
-Water-based recreation and tourism
examples: swimming, scuba diving, sport fishing and canoeing
BASED ON THE LOCATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
the things that take place outdoor which ‘entertain you’. These include: theatre and musical plays, opera, recitals, fireworks, concerts, ballet
show, cinema, cabaret, stand-up
comedy in bars, art galleries/viewing,
exhibitions and festivals.
ARTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
can take place in National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty or in places that are considered heritage in a country. Some examples are mountains, hills, valleys, lakes, fields and beaches.
COUNTRYSIDE RECREATION
activities that can be done without leaving your home but in the comforts of your home.
includes: paling and listening to music, watching television, arts and crafts, gardening, online gaming, reading and board games
HOME-BASED LEISURE
This kind of leisure is mainly
associated to activities that involve
children, young adult and teens
PLAY AND ACTIVITY-BASED LEISURE
2 types of travel
business travel and leisure travel
the process of making movement of
people from one place to another using primitive and simple to modern and complex means of
transportation. This may include automobiles, buses, trains, ships and planes.
TRANSPORTATION
COMPONENTS OF TRAVEL SERVICES
TRAVEL AGENCIES
ONLINE TRAVEL AGENCIES (OTAs)
TOUR OPERATORS
DESTINATION MARKETING ORGANIZATIONS (DMOs)
Other organizations
can be small and privately owned entity and is a business that operates as the intermediary between the travel, tourism and
hospitality industry (supplier) and the traveler (purchaser)
TRAVEL AGENCIES
One of the advantages of technology can be found in hospitality and tourism. Today, travelers can now search and book everything they need for traveling online. Technology now plays a big part to tourism as people can now choose to book tours that they can fully and independently create their own itineraries.
ONLINE TRAVEL AGENCIES (OTAs)
companies or individuals who package all components of offered trip or tourism and hospitality services and then sell them to the traveler personally or through retail outlets or travel agencies
TOUR OPERATORS
bring travelers into a country as a group or through individual tour packages
Inbound Tour Operators
work within a country to make travelers to other countries
Outbound Tour Operators
these are not travel agents and they do not operate the tours. Instead these are operators that work as a liaison and booking agent of various
products to tour operators in other
markets such as Philippines to USA.
Receptive Tour Operators
-This includes national tourism boards, government agencies such as Department of Tourism, city or provincial tourism offices and community tourism offices.
- promote “the long-term development and marketing
of a destination, and the maintenance of such places.
DESTINATION MARKETING ORGANIZATIONS (DMOs)
This may include other organization that not only focuses in leisure
travel but also business trips and other functions
Other organizations
“A phenomenon unique to modern time which is dependent on the people’s increasing need for a change and relaxing, the wish of recognizing the beauties of nature and art and the belief that nature gives happiness to human beings in
which helps nations and communities’ approaching to each other thanks to the developments in commerce and industry and the communication and transportation tools’ becoming excellent.”
-
Guyer-Feuler (1905) First
definition of Tourism
“Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes
movement for all purposes.”
Tourism Society of
England (1976)
5 Main Characteristics of
Tourism by Burkart and Medlik
- Tourism is a combination of phenomena and relationship
- Tourism has two essential elements: Dynamic element (the journey) and the static element (the stay)
- The two essential elements must be to and from destinations outside the
place of residence - The duration of stay is temporary and short-term, with intention of returning to the place of residence
- Destination are visited for purposes of recreation and leisure
Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may either be tourists or
excursionists, residents or nonresidents)and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure.”
-United Nations World Tourism
Organization (UNWTO), 2008
5 COMPONENTS OF TOURISM
ATTRACTION
ACCESSIBILITY
ACCOMMODATION
AMENITIES
Activities
-considered to be the most important basic component of tourism
-means any things or any places that a person desires. Attraction determines the choice of the tourists to visit a destination or choose a particular thing to buy rather that others.
ATTRACTION
This component means the reachability of the place of destination the tourist wants to visit via various means of transportation. It is the primary service that the
tourist needs to make travel possible.
ACCESSIBILITY
-This is the primary service that the tourist needs at the destination
-a place where the tourists can find
food and shelter. It is a comfortable place where the tourist after a long
exhaustible day of touring can relax.
ACCOMMODATION
are extra facilities that can add
attractiveness, accessibility, and
accommodation for the tourists. These may include room service, hot
tub, spa and so on.
AMENITIES
The word hospitality is
derived from the Latin word,
“hospes” which means guest.
Hospitality is the friendly and
generous reception and
entertainment of guests,
visitors, or strangers and
providing them food, beverages,
lodging and abode.
DEFINITION OF
HOSPITALITY
The 3 Perspective of Hospitality
- The Guest Perspective
- The Operator Perspective
- The Tech Perspective
perspective wherein as people who serve and give products must have achieved the expectations of their guest-receive good hospitality making customers or the guest feel comfortable and well-served.
The Guest Perspective
In a hospitality setting, the guest exists to be served; the operator exists to serve. To be able to be considered as hospitable, the operator must be successful in making guests feel comfortable and well-catered to.
The Operator Perspective
The increase in the needs of the people results to increase in demand of tourism and hospitality services
such as restaurants, lodging and car rentals. This causes problems such as long lines in waiting to be accommodated, slow serving of products, shortage of materials or of human resources and these problems may lead to unsatisfactory reactions from guests and customers.
The Tech Perspective
MEANING OF TOURIST
The origin of the word ‘Tourist’ dates back to the year 1292 AD. ‘Tourism or Tourist’ word is related to the
word ‘‘tour” which is derived from the Latin word ‘tornus’, it means a tool for describing a circle or a turner’s wheel. It is from the word ’tornus’ the notion of a “round tour” or a packaged tour has come in vogue.
are temporary visitors staying at a
place at least or more than 24 hours
TOURIST
“Visitors are any person visiting a country for reasons other than that of earning money.”
UN Conference on International
Travel and Tourism held in
Rome in 1963
2 Classes of Visitors
Tourist and Excursionist
The UNWTO states that tourists can be:
a. Domestic tourist
b. Inbound tourist
c. Outbound tourist
Are temporary visitors staying in a place less than 24 hours in the destination that they have visited.
They do not make overnight stay and may include cruise travelers.
EXCURSIONIST
FACTORS AFFECTING TOURIST BEHAVIOR
GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS
SOCIAL FACTORS
PLACE OF ORIGIN
TOURISM DESTINATION
EDUCATION OF TOURIST
Some physical factors like geographical and climatic conditions, facilities and amenities available at the destination, advertising and marketing conducted by tourism business alter the decision-making of the tourists.
GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS
A few social factors such as a person’s social network, which provide first hand information that can alter a person’s decision of visiting or not visiting a particular place.
SOCIAL FACTORS
There can be a broad spectrum of tourist behavior depending upon the place they belong to. North Americans like to follow their own cultural framework. Japanese and Korean tourists like to visit places in groups.
PLACE OF ORIGIN
It is a major contributing factor altering tourist behavior. If a destination has all basic provisions such as electricity, water, clean surroundings, proper accessibility, amenities and has its own significance, it largely attracts tourists.
TOURISM DESTINATION
