Machines in the body Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term Mechanical Advantage?

A

The factor by which a machine multiplies the force or torque put into it to overcome a resistance force.

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2
Q

Give 4 advantages of simple machines?

A

Can change the direction of force.
Applying the force may be easier.
Can give a mechanical advantage.
Can magnify the force.

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3
Q

What is the equation in finding the mechanical advantage of a machine?

A

Mechanical Advantage = Resistance force/Effort Force.

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4
Q

Define the term Wheel and Axle?

A

Consists of a wheel attached to a central axle about which it revolves.

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5
Q

Give an anatomical example of a wheel and axle?

A

A cross section of the spinal column, the small muscles act on the ‘axle’ that is the spinal column.

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6
Q

What is a Pulley?

A

A pulley is a surface with a chain or rope going around it.

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of pulleys?

A

Fixed.

Movable.

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8
Q

Define a fixed pulley?

A

Pulley is fastened into position.
Changes the direction of force.
Does not magnify the force.

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9
Q

Define a moveable pulley?

A

Pulley is fastened to the load.
Load is shared between both ends of the line.
Only half the force is needed to lift the load.

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10
Q

How do you calculate the mechanical advantage of a pulley?

A

Count the number of lines supporting the load.

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11
Q

Give an anatomical example of a fixed pulley?

A

The patella working over the knee joint with the patella in place, this facilitates greater mechanical advantage.

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12
Q

Define a force couple?

A

The interaction of 2 or more muscles acting in different linear directions but producing a torque in the same rotary direction.

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13
Q

Give an anatomical example of a force couple?

A

The oblique abdominal muscles contracting to rotate the trunk.

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