MA - Nervous System I

Question 1

Who was considered the ‘founding father’ of neuroscience?

Answer 1

Santiago Ramon y Cajal

Question 2

What are the 2 main ways to image the brian?

Answer 2

Magnetic Resonance Imaging:
- Used to diagnose diseases

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging:
- Used to learn about connections

Question 3

What was experienced in the railroads accident on Phineas Gage?

Answer 3

A dramatic change in personality

Question 4

What are the 4 main example functions of the nervous system?

Answer 4

1. Detects changes within and around the body
2. Responds to external changes
3. Recieves and interprets sensory information
4. Stimulates muscle and gland

Question 5

What does the CNS include?

Answer 5

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 6

What does the PNS include?

Answer 6

Cranial and Spinal nerves, ganglia

Question 7

What are the 3 major components of the nervous system?

Answer 7

1. Axon- Directs stimulus away from the cell body
2. Dendrites- Directs stimulus towards the cell body
3. Cell body

Question 8

What are the 4 Glial cells of the CNS?

Answer 8

1.Astrocyte- Regulate blood flow
2.Oligodendrocyte- Maintenance of myelin sheath
3.Microglia- Regulate brain development
4.Ependymal Cells- CSF homeostasis

Question 9

What is the main glial cell of the PNS?

Answer 9

Schwann Cells

Question 10

Where do cell bodies reside? Where do axons reside?

Answer 10

Cell bodies- Grey matter
Axons- White matter

Question 11

How many sides of the cerebrum are there?

Answer 11

2
Left side- language and math skill
Right side- visual skills and creativity

Question 12

Where does each hemisphere recieve and send impulses too?

Answer 12

The opposite side of the body

Question 13

What are the 4 main lobes in the cerebrum?

Answer 13

Frontal lobe- Motor
Parietal Lobe- Sensory
Occipital Lobe- Vision
Temporal Lobe- Audiotry

Question 14

What form infoldings and what form ridges of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 14

Sulci form infoldings
Gyri form ridges

Question 15

What 2 centres are present in the Diencephalon?

Answer 15

1. Hypothalamus
2. Thalamus

Question 16

What are the 3 major divisions of the brain stem?

Answer 16

1. Midbrain- Eye movement
2. Pons- Balance
3. Medulla- Involuntary functions

Question 17

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 17

Coordinates motor activity and is important for balance

Question 18

What is the CNS protected by? (4)

Answer 18

1. Bone
2. Meninges
3. CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
4. BBB (Blood-brain barrier)

Question 19

What 3 protective layers are present in thw Meninges?

Answer 19

1. Dura- Strongest, contact with bone
2. Arachnoid- Web-like appearance
3. Pia- Deepest, contact with CNS tissue