EG - Immune System I

Question 1

What are the 4 main types of defence?

Answer 1

1. Physical Barriers
2. Rapid, indiscriminate defences
3. Slow, highly targeted defence
4. Memory

Question 2

What are the main 4 types of physical barriers?

Answer 2

Saliva

• Contains lots of antimicrobial proteins
• Promotes wound healing

Ear Wax

• Traps bacteria, dust and other small particles
• Contains antimicrobial proteins

Mucus

• Contains mucin (a large family of glycosylated proteins)
• Contains antimicrobial proteins

Cilia

• Beat in a coordinated manner to shift water, mucus and pathogens from the surface of cells
• They are cleared through MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE

Question 3

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Answer 3

Innate immunity is the body’s first line of defence against pathogens
* General and non-specific

Adaptive immunity is a type of immunity that is built up as we are exposed to diseases or get vaccinated

Question 4

What are the 2 main adaptive cells?

Answer 4

T cell and B cell

Question 5

What are primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 5

Where immune cells are generated and mature

Question 6

What are secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 6

Where immune cells mature and are activated

Question 7

What is the function of. Cytokines in the body?

Answer 7

1. Attracting the migration of other cells
2. Activating cells
3. Increase proliferation or survival of specific cells

Question 8

What is the function of Monocytes in the body?

Answer 8

1. Phagacytose pathogens
2. Kill host cells directly using cytotoxicity
3. Promote and help with adaptive immune responses
4. Produce large amounts of cytokines

Question 9

What is the function of Neutrophils in the body?

Answer 9

First response to injury

Question 10

What are Eosinophils and Basophils?

Answer 10

Packed with parasite-killing granules in their cytoplasm
* Can be damaging to the host

Question 11

How do Natural Killer Cells work?

Answer 11

Kill cells which do NOT have the self-protein MHC on their surface