CC - Renal

Question 1

What does a kidney do? (6)

Answer 1

1) Water- Ensures there is not too much or too little water in the body
2) Blood pressure- Regulates blood pressure
3) Wastes- Removes urea, uric acid, Toxins
4) Heart- Mantains balance of electrolytes
5) ACID-BASE balance- Regulates pH levels
6) Blood- Releases erythropoietin (tells BM to make RBCs)

Question 2

What is an indicator of how are kidneys are functioning?

Answer 2

Urine analysis

Question 3

What are the 3 main roles of the kidney?

Answer 3

1) Homeostatic regulation of water and ion content of blood

• Regulation of extra-cellular fluid volume
• Regulation of osmolarity
• Maintenance of [Na+], [K+], [Ca2+], [Cl-] within normal range
• Homeostatic regulation of pH – [H+]/[HCO3-]

2) Excretion of wastes and foreign substances

• By-products of metabolism
• Drugs and environmental toxins

3) Production of hormones

• Can play important roles in endocrine pathways

Question 4

What are the 4 main structures of the urinary system?

Answer 4

1. Kidneys
2. Ureter
3. Urinary bladder
4. Urethra

Question 5

What are the 4 structures of the kidney (from outer to inner)?

Answer 5

• Capsule
• Cortex
• Medulla
• Renal pelvis

Question 6

What are the main structures present in the nephron? (7)

Answer 6

• Afferent (in) and Efferent (out) arterioles
• Bowman’s capsule
• Glomerulus
• PCT
• Loop of henle
• DCT
• Collecting duct

Question 7

What 4 functions does the nephron carry out?

Answer 7

1. Filtration
2. Absorbtion
3. Secretion
4. Excretion

Question 8

How much fluid filters through the Bowman’s capsule a day?

Answer 8

180L

Question 9

How much fluid is reabsorbed in the PCT, L.O.H and DCT/Collecting duct?

Answer 9

PCT- 70%
L.O.H 90%
DCT/Collecting duct- 99%