MA 1

Question 1

1-Which of the following statements is true regarding the choice between doing a composite or amalgam restorations?

2-In comparison to amalgam restorations, composite restorations are:

3-Inter-rate reliability

4-research papers

5-performance of dental restorations

Answer 1

1-composite= more conservative

2-more technique sensitive but are more esthetically appealing

3-amt of agreement among raters, if high agreement= good

4-dont always describe calibration process

5-influenced by material used, level of experience, type of tooth, tooths position in arch, restorations design, restorations size, # of restored surfaces
—-#of surfaces restored & risk factor may influence the longevity of restoration

Question 2

4-bleeding gums

5-sweet sensitivity

6-joint plain

7-slight dry mouth

Answer 2

4-gingivitis so restore gingival health

5-caries, so remove and restore

6-muscle sprain/TMD—relieve muscle discomfort

7-possible allergy induced—eval in the off allergy season & after use of biotene

Question 3

1-bite block

2-night guard

3-constant contraindication of composite

4-restoration of appropriate proximal contact in all of the following but

Answer 3

1-child or regular adult—opening of mouth can be significant

2-bruxing appliance…splint—approx 2-3 mm in thickness

3-inability to isolate

4-inc retention form for restoration

Question 4

1-Composite Indication

Answer 4

1- bonded composite= retained to tooth & strengthens unprepped tooth

• shrinkage from poly = stress
• incremental curing= max composite curing & min shrinkage
• wedge for proximal
• composite= bonded so prep= conservative, bulk isnt critical
• prep=unique, so findings directed towards final prep
• composite= insulative so doesnt need much protection w/ bases as other materials may

Question 5

1-counterindications comp

2-indications comp

3-advantages

4-disadv

Answer 5

1-isolation= inadequare

• restorations onto root (cementum binding is poor)
• heavy occlusal stresses
• denture clasps engage composite material

2-small, moderate restorations w/ enamel margin

• esthetics considered for premolar/1st molar
• w/o heavy occlusal contact
• appropriate isolation
• build ups prior to future crowns

3-esthetics, conservative remocal, less complex prep, benefits of bonding (dec microleakage, strengthen tooth)

4-wear/shrinkage, more time for placement, more technique sensitive than allow etching, bonding & curing, more expensive than allow restorations

Question 6

1-automatrix band system

2-sectional matrix systems

3-conical light tips

4-max thickness of a composite incrememnt

Answer 6

1-circumferential system (tofflemire)

2-composi-tight—garrison

3-translumination tips—inesrted into composite while curing, push composite proximally to help create contact

4-1-2 mm

Question 7

1-single tooth indirect restorations

2-crowns

3-restorative dentistry

4-indirect restorations via crown fabrications

Answer 7

1-artificial replacement that restores missing tooth structure by surrounding part or all of the remaining structure w/ a material such as cast metals, porcelain or a combo of materials

2-restorations that fully or partially cover the tooth. “caps”
-indirect restorations because they are fabricated outside of the oral cavity

3-art & science of proper tooth form, function & esthetics while maintaining the physiologic integrity of the teeth
—but the restorative needs cant always be met w/ the use of direct restorative materials/techniques which is why indirect is commonly used

4-allows us to fabricate a restoration that meets the functional/esthetic needs of the patient through a combination of the preparation design, restorative materials & improve the strength/esthetics of compromised teeth.

Question 8

1- not crown treatment plans

2-your job

3-emptor decernit

4-medical history

Answer 8

1-only patient care treatment plans that may include crowns

2-Find out the chief complaint/what the patient wants before making a treatment plan

• —your job is to correlate your finding w/ your patients chief complaint in order to determine the appropriate treatment plan
• –don’t make treatment plan decisions based on clinical impressions w/o clarifications from your patient

3-customer is always right….we, as dentists, need to provide quality patient care while also satisfying our customers

4-the need to correlate the dental treatment plan w/ the overall health status of the patient

i. e.= cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, oncologic disease, pulmonary disease, & surgical hx
- medication list, h/o allergies to medications, recreational drug use, tobacco product use
- –usually controlled medical conditions aren’t typically contradicted to restorative treatment

Question 9

1-dental history

2-dental examination

3-range of mandibular motion-opening

4-range of mand. motion-protrusive

4-range of mand. motion- lateral

Answer 9

1-the need to correlate the dental treatment plan w/ overall dental health care history as expressed by the patient
—dental care, periodontal disease, pulpal disease, & of caries

2-the need to correlate the treatment plan w/ your examination findings—head & neck exam, oral & oropharyngeal exam, exam of dentition & supporting structures

3-opening

• 15-20 mm of hinge opening
• 25-40 mm if translational opening
• 40-60 mm is normal maximal opening of an adult

4-protrusive
-8-11 mm

5–10-12 mm of max lateral translational movement in the frontal plane

Question 10

1-lesion detection

2-restorative treatments indicated

3-material selection

4-composite

Answer 10

1-visual= cavitated & non cavitated
radiographic= E lesion, D1, & D2
transillumination- fiber optic (FOTI), operatory light

2-poor contour

• caries under/around restorations
• unaesthetic restorations

3-resin-esthetics—bonds to tooth structure, good wear resistance
RMGI-not as esthetic, bonds to tooth, lower wear resistance, Fl release

4-inorganic filler= quartz, silica, & glasses
coupling agent- silane
resin matrix- BIS GMA, UDMA
initiator= camphoroquinone (light activatior

Question 11

1-inorganic filler

2-microfine fillers

3-radiopaque

4-not radiopaque

Answer 11

1-qurtz, lithium, aluminum, silicate, barium, strontium, zinc, ytterbium glasses = fine filler

2-colloidal silical particles

3-barium, strontium, zinc or yetterbium
—degree of radiopacity is proportional to the volume of the filler

4-quartz, lithium, and aluminum

Question 12

1-macrofil

2-microfil

3-nanofil

4-hybrid

5-properties of composite

6-coefficient of thermal expansion

Answer 12

1-10-100 um

2-.01-.1 um

3-.005-.1 um

4- .4-1 um (small particle & microfill)
—nano hybrid= .005-.1 (tetric evo ceram)

5-poly shrinkage (caused by resin)
-gap formation in dentin margin—minimize by increment placement & curing in between
-wear resistance—infleunced by filler particle size/location/occlusion
-modulus of elasticity—stiffness, high module= stiff
microfill has lower module of elasticity than hybrid

6-dimensional change per unit change in temp
composite= 1-4 x’s coeff of thermal
Glass ionomer coefficient= same as tooth (better)

Question 13

1-hybrid composite

2-microfil composite

3-microhybrid

4-nanofil

Answer 13

1-microfil + small particle

• inorganic filler content= 75-90% weight 60-80% vol
• surface = smooth patina surface texture
• improved mechanical properties

2-smooth, lustrous surface

• wear resistant/ less receptive to plaque
• filler content= 35-70% weight 20-60% vol
• mechanical= inferior, graeter poly shrinkage, more thermal expansion, low H20 sorption, low modulus of elasticity
• cervical lesions, flexure nder occlusal forces
• layered over hybrid

3-fine & microfine particles
85% by weight

4-80% by weight, high filler content
-highly polishable…& most popular compousre in use

***hybrid= good immediate & 12 mo color match
nano & microfilm= best surface appearance after 12 mo

Question 14

1-classification of handling characteristics

2-flowable

3-packable

4-shade selection

5-lingual approach for prep

6-facial approach for prep

Answer 14

1-flowable & packable

2-low viscosity, .4-3 nanometers

• 30-55% vol w/ low modulus of elasticity
• high poly shrinkage
• low wear resistance
• cervical lesions & pediatric restorations
• low stress bearing restorations & liners under hybrid

3-high viscosity, 50-70% by vol

• low wear resistance (like enamel)
• posterior & proximal restorations…like handling of amalgam but may be more difficult to adapt to margins

4-prior to rubber damn bc dehydration= lighter tooth color

• composite changes color after polymerization
• –natural light, upright, no distracting makeup

5-lingual= preferred, conserves facial enamel…some unssupported, not friable enamel can remain
-additional enamel for bonding & shade selection isnt critical

6-lesion is facial, teeth are irregularly aligned & if facial access conserves teeth

Question 15

1-access to prep

2-pulpal protection

3-pulpal exposure

Answer 15

1-direct bur towards lesion, perp to enamel surface

• entry angle puts bur as far into embrasure
• outline form to include peripheral exten, some undermined enamel is okay
• should not include prox contact area, or extend onto facial surface & sub gingival

2-small to moderate—no liner, bonding agent will seal dentin

3-direct cap, CAOH2, GI/RMGI linger bonding agent
composite
pink dentin= little RDT= indirect pulp cap, liner over pink area, DONT PUT LINER ON FACIAL SURFACE

Question 16

1-bond enamel, not dentin

2-contraindications of bevel

3-large lesions

4-adjacent lesion prep

Answer 16

1-bc enamel has less h20 content & is highly mineralized

• greater H20 content, more organic & differences w/in dentin
• enamel & strength greater

2-dont remove prox contact

• lingual bevel not placed in heavy occlusal area
• margins apical to CEJ, w/ no enamel or little remaining enamel
• facial approach= same as lingual

3-retention pt can be placed at axioincisal
retention groove= axiocervical line angles in dentin if needed

4-PREP large surfaces first & then small but
restore small surfaces first & then large

Question 17

1-restoration

Answer 17

1-mylar matrix for anterior composite

• confines restorative material, reduces excess material, assists w/ contours & protects adjacent tooth
• interproximal wedge= provents overhang
• etch—remove smear layer, open dentin tubulues, demineralizes dentin, leaving collagen
• dentin= moist for bonding
• bonding agent applied w/ agitation, light cured & hybrid layer formed
• incremental placement of composite= 2.0 (complete curing= less poly shrinkage & less gap formation= less micro leakage)
• gap formation & microleakage = greatest at margins w/ no enamel (cervical, apical to CEJ)
• stress from poly shrinkage exceeds bond strenght= gap formation
• immediate gap= white line margin

Question 18

1-finishing & polishing

Answer 18

1-scalar for excess at gingival margin
30 fluted for gross reduction
points for concave areas
-interproximal strips can cause damage to tissue & gingival

• polishing done w/ abrasive pt or disc rotation from composite to tooth
• enhance pt
• brasler (green white)
• abrasive disc—-not usefule for concave, used to shape proximal line angle…but can damage tissue
• final polishing= silicone carbide brush

Question 19

1-quality of image

2-radiographs your using

3-looking at radiographs

4-identifying radiographs

5-systematic process

Answer 19

1-contrast/density
region of interest
normal tissue that surrounds
geometric distortion

2-periapical, bitewing, occlusal, panoramic, CBCT

3-room should be dimly lit

• bright view box
• mask extra light
• use magnifying glass

4-look at normal anatomy and see variations
pathology

5-anatomical landmarks
normal anatomy: bones, canals, foramina, cortices
-look at radiographs in order through quadrants (upper right to lower left)
-symmetry

Question 20

1-when looking at quadrants, checking for

2-checking height of interdental bone

3-checking teeth

Answer 20

1-normal

• symmetry
• sparse
• dense
• in direction of anatomical stress
• altered

2–can use Bitewings (alveolar bone heights)
cortication, bone height and shape of alveolar crest

3-count, check enamel/dentin/pulp

• count roots
• compare anatomy
• check existing restorations

Question 21

analyzing intraosseous lesions

1-localize abnormality

2-periphery

3-shape

4-size

Answer 21

1-look at anatomic position (epicenter)—
above mandibular canal= odontogenic
below mandibular canal= unlikely odontogenic
w/in mandibular canal= vascular or neural
epicenter of lesion= in sinus, not odontogenic in origin
-cartilaginous lesions are found nearer to condyle

-is it localized or generalized/ unilateral bilateral

2-well defined= punched out/corticated or sclerotic
ill defined= blended appearance & invasive

3-oval/circular
scalloped borders
multiocular

4-measure lesion in 2 dimensions= width & height
-surrounding structures to help estimate measurement

Question 22

1-analyze internal structures

2-analyze effect of lesions on structures

Answer 22

1-totally radiolucent
mixed lucen opaque
totally radiopaque

2-teeth, lamina dura, perio membrane space
iferior alveolar nerve canal/mental foramen
maxillary antrum
surrounding bone density & trabecular pattern
outer cortical bone & periosteal reactions
—displaced teeth, root resorption, expansion, perforation & destroy

Question 23

1-pediatric dentistry

2-individual levels

3-prevention

4-disease management

5-access to dental care services

6-systems of integration & coordination

Answer 23

1-age degined speciality that provides primary & comprehensive preventative & therapeutic oral health care for infants & children through adolescence, including those w/ special needs

2-observe, assess, detect, diagnose, educate, motivate, prevent, treat, manage/recall, re-assess, fine tune, learn from errors

3-fluoride, reduction of bacteria that cause toot decay, & education/anticipatroy guidance for parents & caregivers:
quality improvement markers for 0-6, 6-12, & 13-18 age groups

4-risk assessment for tooth decay & spectrum of dental treatment: acct for lag time b/w diagnosis to treatment

5-age 1 dental visit, dental home, & dental workforce/professional development
-age 1 & other dental marker visits

6-parternership w/ health & childcare providers
state & local dental public health programs
policy development
-w/ medical record

Question 24

1-considerations in pediatric dentistry

2-baby bottle

3-initial dental visit

4-early childhood caries

Answer 24

1-child isnt a small adult

• modes of managing child patient are age related
• consider fluorides, pulpal therapy, instrumentation, dental materials oral surgery, ortho, nutrition, growth/development, oral medicine & path

2-infants dont go to sleep w/ bottle & nocturnal breast feeding be restricted after eruption of 1st primary tooth

3-w/in 6 mo of age after eruption of 1st tooth but before 12 mo of age

40baby bottle tooth decay/nursing bottle caries

• 1 decayed/filled tooth surface of primary tooth in kid under 6
• severe ecc= cavitated or non cavitated smooth surface caries in kid under 13
• b/w 3-5 severe ECC+ 1 or more cavitated missing or filled smooth surface in primary maxillary ant teeth or dmf greater than 4(age 3) 5(age 4) 6(age 5)

Question 25

1-transmission of s mutans in kids

2-behavioral changes w/ kids

3-basics in managing child patients

4-critical moments in appt

Answer 25

1-vertical= mom—direct via saliva & kissing child
-indirect via spoons/pacifiers
-reduced w/ various techniques
horizontal= nursery/preschool

2-emotionally compormised bc of home environment

• shy —cry to avoid
• frightened—negative light
• averse to authority

3-short appts…tell, show, do
voice control
praise/communication
start w/ easy procedure

4-separation from parent

getting into chair

the injection

Question 26

1-primary molars

2-mandibular primary molar root

3-mandibular primary first molar

4-mand primary 2nd molar

5-max prim 1st molar

6-max prim 2nd molar

Answer 26

1-smaller, narrow oclusal table
greater buccal lingual width @ cervical
-enamel + dentin thinner, w/ bigger pulp horns (long, thin horns…follow cuspal outline)
-not as extensive preps

2-primary roots flare out mesial-distally= for bicuspid to erupt
perm. molar roots= straight

3-mesial surface= straight, distal surface converges towards cervical line
4 cusps, 2 buccal (developmental depression)
no dev. groove in between…mesial cusp= larger
-prominent transverse ridge

4-resembles 1 perm molar

5-bucall convexity at cervical third
2 cusps, = perm max premolar

6-resemebles max 1st perm molar
4 cusps w/ buccal developmental groove, maybe carabelli

lingual groove= present
ML cusp is largest

Question 27

1-material choices for pedo

2-goals of prep designs

3-burr selection

Answer 27

1-GI/compomer= for higher caries rate
amalgam= difficult w/ isolate/cooperation
composite
stainless steel crowns= higher caries rate/durability
RMGI= bonds to tooth, wears more, technique sensitive, releases fluoride not as long lasting

2-access to caries, smooth surface or pit/fissure
-modify by anatomical differences
resistance & retention—holds materials

3-smaller = better bc teeth/preps are smaller
1.5-1.8 long, .75 mm wide—-330
rounded internal line angles & removes friable enamel rods

Question 28

1-considerations w/ proximal box tooth diameter

2-occlusal key

Answer 28

1-buccal lingual walls of prox box are parallel to external tooth surfaces
buccolingual diameter of occlusal surface is less than cervical diameter
-proximal extensions are wider at gingival
-converge at occlusal
-establish box outline into cleansbale areas w/ rounded axial pulpal lines to reduce stress on dental material
-internal line angles are rounded
-reverse s not required bc contacts are mid proximally

2-small occulsal key into prep—mainly w/ amalgam
mechanical lock, unlike regular rententive grooces
-less chance of pulpal exposure
-bur into enamel beyond axial wal to get dovetail facially & lingually, dept= 1.25-1.5 mm
-bevel axiopulpal line angle

Question 29

1-if gingival wall is over extended…

2-dilemma of large pulps in primary teeth

Answer 29

1-obtaining adequate axial wall depth w/o endangering pulp is difficult

2-extensive caries axially/gingivally compromises pulpal health wen preps are extended

***Dont give xylitol candy til anesthetic wears off

Question 30

1-crowns

2-dental exam

3-crown preop

4-foundation failure

Answer 30

1-form, function, esthetics
crowns= inc demand for tooth restoration

2-head & neck exam (symmetry)
oral & oropharayngeal exam (symmetry)
-path, pulpal disease, caries, perio, fractures
-make cast
put together= treatment plan

3-perio health, pulpal health, condition of tooth

4-common source of crown failure and tooth loss= our failure if not diagnosed initially.

ANY COMPROMISED IN FOUNDATION OF TOOTH NEED TO BE ADDRESSED BEFORE CROWN FABRICATION.

Question 31

1-perio considerations

2-crown fabrication goals

3-soft tissue

Answer 31

1-perio disease= cyclical inflamm host response to bacteria= tooth los

• cant proceed w/ treatment w/ crown fabrication w/ tooth which has chronic perio disease
• treat via oral home care, scaling/root planing, or extraction

2-good period health before crowning, make crown that maintains perio health & needs
—need patient compliance

3-affects crown design & where crown margins are put—margins put too deeply into sulcus = elicit adverse perio tissue response
…assess biolgical width (CT & junctional epithelium)
healthy sulcus= 1-3 mm
bio width= 2 mm

if affect bio width= inflam, attachment loss, alveolar bone loss

Question 32

1-gingival sulcus

2-managing sub gingival margins

3-crown lengthening

4-benefits for crown lengthing

Answer 32

1-avoid placing crown margins at base of gingival sulcus

• supra gingival crown margins better than sub gingival, so place crown margin at or just below the crest of the gingival margin
• –no more than 1/2 the depth of the base of the gingival sulcus…use probe to figure it out

2-extensive caries & fracture

3-surgical procedure repositions the attachment in a controlled manner to reestablish a biological width in harmony with our crowns.

4-

• Expose more tooth for better crown prep
• Permit crown margin placement
• Margin placement without violating biological width
• Improve crown esthetics

Question 33

1-marginal gaps

2-marginal overhang

3-decrease adaptation discrepancies

4-pulpal considerations

Answer 33

1-space created vertically between the crown margin & the prepped tooth

2-amt the crown margin extends horizontally beyond the tooth

3-good tooth prep design
good impression technique
quality dental lab work

acceptable gap discrepancy= 40-70 um

4-caries removal, conserve tooth structure, good temp control during prep

• –incomplete caries removal= tooth damage & pulpal infection
• –extensive caries= endo before crown
• –restorative can proceed on presence of incomplete removal w/o endo, thin layer of denton overling pulp—pinpoint expousre of pulp and apply CaOH2 to affected area, isolating pulp from infection…
• do pulp test before fabrication
• if tooth non vital= endo therapy before crown fabrication
• conserve as much tooth as possible, remove path
• crown prep leads to damage of endoblasts= irreversibly damage to pulp
• heat= damage to pulp

if you cant treat pulp or periodontiumt he tooth may not be restorable

Question 34

1-viral diseases

2-autoimmune

Answer 34

1-primary herpes
recurrent herpes
varicella
herpes zoster
hand-foot-and mouth disease
herpangina
measles

2-pemphigus vulgaris
mucous membrane pemphigoid

Question 35

Primary Herpes

Answer 35

• caused by HSV-1
• top half of body
• seronergative host—direct contact w. HSV
• 6 mo to 5 yr—not seen before 6 mo bc of moms immunity
• 95% affected by 15
• chills, lymphadenopathy, fever, nausea, anorexia
• enlarged red painful gingiva
• pinhead vesicles, lesions enlarge & develop central ulceration
• lip vermillion, satellite vesicles on skin, self-inoculation
• treatment= 7-14 days, symptomatic treatment

Question 36

1-Recurrent Herpes (secondary)

2-herpetic whitlow

3-herpes gladiatorum

Answer 36

• caused HSV-1
• 15-45% of US population has history
• multiple trigger reactivation—stress, UV, illness (occurs at primary inocculation)
• Pain, burning, itching, tingling, warmth, redness> 6-24 hrs > clusters of fluid filled vesicles > 2 days > rupture and crust > 7-10 days > healing
• intraoral lesions= keratinized mucosa, less symptoms
• tzanck cell —multinucleated giant cell—floating epithelial cell
• resolves 7-10 days
• chronic herpetic infection in immunocompromised hosts
• –topical, systemic or prophylaxis therapy: treatment in 48 hrs
• no biopsy

2-due to self innoculation

3-scrumpox—wrestlers

Question 37

1-Varicella

2- oral varicella

Answer 37

• varicella zoster virus HHV3
• via salivary droplets or direct contact
• 5-9 yrs, 90% infected by age 15
• malaise pharyngitis rhinitis>Pruritic exanthema, face, trunk, extremities> vesicle> pustule >crust
• Lesions in different stages often seen
• Perioral lesions, intra-oral lesions
• treatment= symptomatic…goes away in a couple of weeks:
• Exposure>heal> virus goes into latency. When the virus reactivates develops zoster

2-white opaque vesicles which rupture and ulcerate

Question 38

1-herpes zoster

2-hand food & mouth disease

Answer 38

1-reactivation of varicella zoster virus
-virus latent in nerves where its protected from immune system
-spinal cord segment or nerve hides in dermatome affected in outbreak
-more prevalent in elderly
-confined to an area, not usually spread, unilateral
-face= trigem nerve
treatment= antiviral

2-cocksackie A16 or enterovirus 71
-kids under 5
oral lesions precede skin changes
-sometimes not all 3 areas are affected but clasically all 3
-oral lesions occur anywhere in mouth, number arises 1-30, vesicles that become ulcers
-few to dozen skin lesions…palms & soles, vesicles that ulcerate
-treatment—not needed, dont give aspirin to kids bc of reyes disease

Question 39

1-herpangia

2-measles

Answer 39

1-coxsackie A1-6, A8, A10, B3

• similar to HFM but lesions at back of month
• history & clinical diagnosis
• no treatment since it is self limiting

2-measles virus—paramyxovirus
-salivary droplests
9 days: Day 0 = 3 Cs: coryza, cough, conjunctivitis
Day 3= fever
Day 6-9= fever ends rash fades
-kopliks spot= white macules over area of erythema
-treatment= prevention, fluids & non sapirin antipyretics

Question 40

1-pemphigus vulgaris

2-mucous membrane pemphigoid

Answer 40

1-little yellow circles: desmoglein 3 keeps cells together so Ab attacking wil end up having cells split

• mediterranean & jewish origin
• 1:1 gender ratio, adults over 50
• flacid vesicles & bulla which rupture quickly
• all patients develop oral diseases
• bulla rupture & have large red painful ulcer
• nikolskis sign= induction of bulla upon pressure, normal skin & apply pressure that makes bulla, not 100% specific
• intraepithelial split= NEED BIPOSY for diagnosis—proteins are gone so cells arent held together
• treatment= systemic corticoid, mortality = 60-90%

2-BP180 & laminin 5= diff disease & diff protein attacked, between cells & CT

• cicatrical pemphigoid= lots of scarring, not in pemphigoid
• older adults: 2:1 women to men
• vesicles—>bullae—>ulcers
• desquamative gingivitis= diffuse gingival erythema
• symblepharon= adhesion between bulbar & palpebral conjunctivae
• subepithelial split= entire epithelia is detached
• treatment= referally to ophthalmologist= topical/systemic corticoids

Question 41

1-direct pulp cap

2-goals of pulp capping

3-indirect pulp cap

4-thermal protection

5-materials for pulp capping

Answer 41

1-vital pulp
previously asymptomatic tooth w/ small exposure
exposure occurd in a clean uncontaminated environment
-hemorrhage is controlled
-restoration is well sealed

2-maintain a healthy pulp
stimulate dentin bridge formation

3-less than .5 mm remainign dentin thickness

4-under amalgam, reduce effects of thermoconductivity

5-MTA, CaOH, Calcium Silicate, GI/RMGI

Question 42

1-CaOH

Answer 42

1-gold standard, both direct/indirect capping

• stimulates dentin formation
• antimicrobial
• alkaline
• poor physical properties—soluble in H20, poor compressive strength, limit placememnt to smallest area as possible, away from margins
• powder in solven= thin film of CaOH—Dycal
• paste system–base= Ca tunstate and catalyst= CaOH
• –mix equal parts of both: 2 min 20 s working time, 2.5-2.5 min setting time
• placed on exposure or pink dentin, only on axial or pulpal floor
• soluble, must not extend onto margins—wash out of material = open margins, low compressive strength

Question 43

GI/RMGI

Answer 43

1-linear not a pulp
-not be used directly over pulp or if RDT is <.5
-over pulp capping materials…sandwich technique
-fluoride release
-can be used under amalgan as line for thermal protection
closed samich= restorative material at all cavosurface margins
open samic= GI/RMGI exposed at cervical margins
—samich used for composite