M7 Caries

Question 1

what is plaque described as?

Answer 1

a multi-species biofilm

Question 2

what is viridans group streptococci known as?

Answer 2

oral streptococci

Question 3

what oral streptococci is found in the tooth fissures?

Answer 3

streptococcus mutans

Question 4

streptococcus mutans haemolytic type?

Answer 4

alpha

Question 5

what oral streptococci is found on the tongue?

Answer 5

streptococcus salivarius

Question 6

streptococcus salivarius haemolytic type?

Answer 6

alpha

Question 7

what oral streptococci is found in abscesses/plaque?

Answer 7

streptococcus anginosus

Question 8

streptococcus anginosus haemolytic type?

Answer 8

beta

Question 9

what oral streptococci is found on the tooth/biofilm?

Answer 9

streptococcus sanguinis

Question 10

streptococcus sanguinis haemolytic type?

Answer 10

alpha

Question 11

what type of bacteria are oral streptococci?

Answer 11

facultative and obligate anaerobes

Question 12

what properties of streptococcus mutans make it effective in causing caries?

Answer 12

acidogenic, acidoduric, production of extracellular polysaccharides

Question 13

what type of respiration is happening in caries?

Answer 13

anaerobic respiration and production of lactic acid

Question 14

define acidogenic

Answer 14

produces acid from sugar at a HIGH RATE

Question 15

define acidoduric

Answer 15

can tolerate high concentrations of acid

Question 16

what does s.mutans have the largest number of genes associated with?

Answer 16

sugar transport and utilisation

Question 17

what are necessary for adhesion of streptococcus strains in the plaque biofilm?

Answer 17

glucans and fructans

Question 18

what are fructans and glucans?

Answer 18

they are extracellular polymeric substances that are present on the surface of bacteria and are necessary for adhesion of streptococcus strains in the plaque biofilm

Question 19

what is GTF and what type of bacteria has GTF on its surface?

Answer 19

GTF = glucosyltransferase and S.mutans have them present of their surface

Question 20

what is FTF ?

Answer 20

FTF = fructosyltransferase

Question 21

what are the key proteins involved in the attachment of bacteria in the plaque biofilm?

Answer 21

GBP, GTF and protein anitgens

Question 22

what is GBF?

Answer 22

glucan binding proteins

Question 23

4 species of bacteria that produce lactic acid?

Answer 23

oral streptococci, actinomyces, lactobacilli, Rothia denticariosa

Question 24

What species of bacteria is associated with dentinal caries?

Answer 24

lactobacilli

Question 25

What species of bacteria is associated with root surface caries?

Answer 25

actinomyces and rothia denticariosa

Question 26

describe lactobacilli?

Answer 26

gram positive, variable rod shapes, acidoduric and acidogenic,facultative anaerobe poor adhesion

Question 27

lactobacilli fermentation groups?

Answer 27

homolactic, heterolactic, facultative heterolactic

Question 28

homolactic fermentation?

Answer 28

only lactic acid produced

Question 29

heterolactic fermentation?

Answer 29

lactic acid and others produced

Question 30

facultative heterolactic fermentation?

Answer 30

normally only lactic but can switch

Question 31

what are the 3 correlations of lactobacilli and dentinal caries?

Answer 31

no.s of lactobacilli:
increase as S.mutans fall
high when carious lesions are high
increase with carbohydrate intake

Question 32

describe actinomyces?

Answer 32

gram positive, variable rod shapes, found sub- and supra-gingivally, facultative anaerobe

Question 33

what are the 2 correlations of actinomyces and root surface caries?

Answer 33

no.s of actinomyces:
found sub and supra-gingivally
increase if gingiva is reduced

Question 34

why is the correlation between actinomyces and root surface carie now questionable?

Answer 34

because of the polymicrobial nature of root surface caries