M6 Respiratory Tract

Question 1

2 upper respiratory tract infections?

Answer 1

whooping cough, diptheria

Question 2

epidemiology of whooping cough?

Answer 2

high in <2y/os, can lead to secondary bacterial pneumonia and neurological complications

Question 3

symptoms of whooping cough?

Answer 3

attacks of severe choking cough separated by long periods of no coughing persisting over >7 days

Question 4

bordetella pertusis causes what infection and how?

Answer 4

whooping cough, enters resp tract and attaches to ciliated epithelial cells

Question 5

virulence factors of whooping cough?

Answer 5

pertusis toxin, tracheal cytotoxin, lipopolysaccharide

Question 6

bacteria that causes whooping cough?

Answer 6

bordetella pertusis, small gram negative cocci

Question 7

treatment of whooping cough?

Answer 7

cough plate, antibiotics, vaccination

Question 8

epidemiology of diptheria?

Answer 8

mucous membranes infected (tonsils), swollen neck , toxins produce acute inflammation and pseudomembrane formation

Question 9

what bacteria causes diptheria?

Answer 9

corynebacterium diptheriae

Question 10

early symptoms of diptheria?

Answer 10

sore throat, low fever, swollen neck glands

Question 11

late stage symptoms of diptheria?

Answer 11

airway obstruction, breathing difficulty, shock

Question 12

outbreaks of diptheria associated with?

Answer 12

unsanitary/crowded conditions, immunity gaps and vaccination failure

Question 13

complications of diptheria?

Answer 13

breathing obstruction, cardiac arrythmia to fatal heart failure, coma

Question 14

corynebacerium diptheriae causes what infection? describe bacteria

Answer 14

diptheria - gram positive bacilli, aerobic and non mobile, chinese lettering morphology

Question 15

treatment for diptheria?

Answer 15

immediate inoculation with diptheria antitoxin, administer penicillin/erythromycin

Question 16

prevention diptheria?

Answer 16

active immunisation, DPT vaccine, boost at approx 5yrs

Question 17

bacteremia, pneumonia, septicaemia and meningitis are caused by what bacteria?

Answer 17

haemophilis influenza

Question 18

how does haemophilis influenza cause infection?

Answer 18

bacteria attaches to epithelial cells and causes inflammation and swelling

Question 19

symptoms of diseases caused by haemophilis influenza?

Answer 19

headache, fever, stiff neck –> bones, joints, CNS

Question 20

describe haemophilis influenza

Answer 20

small pleomorphic gram negative bacilli, non-motive

Question 21

treatment for diseases caused by haemophilis influenza?

Answer 21

antibiotics and immunisation

Question 22

2 lower respiratory tract infections?

Answer 22

pneumonia and tuberculosis

Question 23

define pneumonia

Answer 23

acute inflammation of the lungs caused by inhalation of pneumonococci bacteria, bronchioles and alveoli fill with fibrous exudate

Question 24

bacteria and family that causes pneumonia?

Answer 24

Pneumonococcus from streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 25

describe streptococcus pneumoniae family

Answer 25

gram positive, catalase negative, alpha haemolytic

Question 26

a virulence factor of s.pneumoniae?

Answer 26

Pneumolysin, pore forming toxin

Question 27

2 virulence factors key to phagocytic survival?

Answer 27

capsule and pneumolysin

Question 28

symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 28

1-3 days viral resp infection, abrupt onset, severe shaking chill fever, bloody cough, chest pain