M7 Flashcards
is a group of computer systems
and other computing hardware devices that are linked
together through communication channels to facilitate
communication and resource-sharing among a wide
range of users
computer network
a collection of computers and devices connected together via
communications devices and transmission media.
network
Networks are commonly categorized based on their
characteristics
connect groups of computers and low-voltage devices together across short distances
(within a building or between a group of two or three buildings in close proximity to
each other) to share information and resources.
Local Area Networks (LAN)
The smallest and most basic type of network
PAN (Personal Area Network
are typically
found in small offices or residences, and are managed by one person or organization
from a single device.
PAN (Personal Area Network
these types of networks don’t require that devices rely on physical cables to connect
to the network.
WLAN (Wireless LAN)
can be spread across
several buildings that are fairly close to each other so users can share resources
CAN (Campus Area Network
span an entire geographic area (typically a town or city, but sometimes a campus).
Ownership and maintenance is handled by either a single person or company (a local
council, a large company, etc.).
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
allows computers and lowvoltage devices to be remotely connected to each other over one large network to
communicate even when they’re miles apart.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
they move storage resources away from the network and
place them into their own high-performance network.
SAN (Storage Area Network)
It is
used to explain a relatively local network that is designed to provide high-speed
connection in server-to-server applications (cluster environments)
SAN (Storage Area Network)
can be integrated into structured cabling to overcome
concerns about supporting traditional Ethernet protocols and network applications
such as PoE (Power over Ethernet)
POLAN (Passive Optical LAN)
uses optical splitters to split an optical signal from one strand of single-mode optical
fiber into multiple signals to serve users and devices.
POLAN (Passive Optical LAN)
These types of networks are built and owned by
businesses that want to securely connect its various locations to share computer resources.
EPN (Enterprise Private Network)
lets its users send and receive data as if their devices were connected to the
private network – even if they’re not.
users can access a private network remotely.
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
refers to the layout of the computers and devices in a
communications network.
network topology
The various network topologies
are:
- Bus
- Ring
- Star
- Mesh
- Hybrid
is a network type in which every computer
and network device is connected to single cable
Bus topology
the physical cable that connects the
computers and other devices.
bus
forms a ring connecting all devices with
its exactly two neighboring devices.
ring topology
all the devices are
connected to a single hub through a
cable.
star topology,
is the central node and
all others nodes are connected to the
central node
hub
every device is connected to another
device via particular channel.
mesh topology,
is a type of network topology that uses two or more differing
network topologies.
A hybrid topology
is a worldwide collection of networks that
links millions of businesses, government agencies,
educational institutions, and individuals
Internet
The Internet originated as X in X
ARPANET (Advanced
Research Project Agency Network)
September 1969
any computer that provides services and connections to other computers on a
network.
host or server
In 1986, the National Science Foundation (NSF) connected its huge network of five
super computer centers, called X, to ARPANET
NSFnet
oversees research and
sets standards and guidelines for many areas of the Internet.
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
is a not-for-profit research and development project that connects more
than 200 universities and 115 companies via a high-speed private network
Internet2
provides high-speed Internet access through the cable
television network via a cable modem
Cable Internet service
provides high-speed Internet connections using regular
copper telephone lines.
DSL (digital subscriber line)
uses fiber-optic cable to provide high-speed Internet
access to home and business users.
Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
provides high-speed Internet connections using a dish-shaped
antenna on your house or business to communicate with a tower location via radio
signals.
Fixed wireless
offers high-speed Internet connections to devices with
built-in compatible technology or computers with wireless modems.
cellular radio network
uses radio signals to provide high-speed Internet
connections to compatible or properly equipped wireless computers and devices.
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity) network
provides high-speed Internet connections via satellite to a
satellite dish that communicates with a satellite modem.
Satellite Internet service
is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to
the Internet free or for a fee.
access provider
is a regional or national access provider.
ISP (Internet service provider)
usually provides Internet access to a specific geographic area.
regional
ISP
is a
business that provides Internet access in cities and towns nationwide
national ISP
has
many members-only features such as instant messaging or their own customized
version of a Web browser.
online service provider (OSP)
The two more popular OSPs are
AOL (America Online) and
MSN (Microsoft Network)
OSP that regulates the Internet services to which
members have access and provides free access to its services to any user with a
broadband Internet connection.
AOL (America Online)
is a
company that provides wireless Internet access to desktop and notebook computers
and mobile devices, such as smart phones and portable media players, with built-in
wireless capability (such as Wi-Fi) or to computers using wireless modems or wireles
access devices.
wireless Internet service provider, sometimes called a wireless data provider
which usually are in the form of a USB flash drive
or a card that inserts in a slot in a computer or mobile device, generally dial a
telephone number to establish a connection with the wireless Internet service
provider.
Wireless modems
X on or built into the computer or device, wireless modem, or
wireless access device typically sends signals through the airwaves to communicate
with a wireless Internet service provider.
antenna
is a number that uniquely identifies each
computer or device connected to the Internet
IP (Internet Protocol) address
is the text version of an IP address
domain name
translates the domain name into its
associated IP address
DNS (Domain Name System) server
Every domain name contains a X, which is the last section of the
domain name.
top-level domain (TLD)
identifies the type of organization associated
with the domain.
A generic TLD (gTLD)
