M2S1 Part 2

Question 1

are glass tubes with circuits inside.

Answer 1

Vacuum tubes

Question 2

have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry.

Answer 2

Vacuum tubes

Question 3

an electrical computer containing thousands of vacuum tubes that utilizes punch cards and switches for inputting data and punch cards for outputting and storing data.

Answer 3

UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)

Question 4

UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) first developed by

Answer 4

J. Presper EckertandJohn Mauchly

Question 5

helped develop a compiler that was a precursor to the widely used COBOL language

Answer 5

Grace Hopper

Question 6

assigned to program the Mark I computer.

Answer 6

Grace Hopper

Question 7

She oversaw programming for the UNIVAC computer

Answer 7

Grace Hopper

Question 8

found a mothstuck in a relay responsible for a malfunction in the Mark II computer

Answer 8

Grace Hopper

Question 9

Second Generation (1956-1963) of computers used :

Answer 9

Transistors instead of vacuum tubes.

Question 10

Widely used in computers from 1956 to 1963.

Answer 10

Transistors

Question 11

were smaller than vacuum tubes and allowed computers to be smaller in size, faster in speed, and cheaper to build.

Answer 11

Transistors

Question 12

DEVELOPED transistors:

Answer 12

John Bardeen
Walter Brattain
William Shockley
at the Bell Laboratorieson December 23,1947

Question 13

made up of semi-conductors.

Answer 13

Transistors

Question 14

Transistors

Answer 14

Transistors

Question 15

The third generation (1964-1971) of computers introduced the use of:

Answer 15

IC(integrated circuits) in computers

Question 16

helped reduce the size of computers even more compared to second-generation computers, as well as make them faster.

Answer 16

Using IC’s in computers

Question 17

The fourth generation (1972-2010) of computers took advantage of the invention of the :

Answer 17

microprocessor (CPU)

Question 18

helped make it possible for computers to fit easily on a desk and for the introduction of the laptop.

Answer 18

Microprocessors, along with integrated circuits

Question 19

The fifth generation (2010-present) of computers is beginning to use:

Answer 19

AI(artificial intelligence)

Question 20

an exciting technology that has many potential applications around the world.

Answer 20

AI(artificial intelligence)

Question 21

Advantages of Using Computers:

Answer 21

Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications

Question 22

Disadvantages of Using Computers:

Answer 22

Health Risks
Violation of Privacy
Public Safety
Impact on Labor Force
Impact on Environment

Question 23

involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer

Answer 23

Green computing

Question 24

Green computing strategies:

Answer 24

• Recycling
• Regulating manufacturing processes
• Extending the life of computers
• Immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers