M5 Integ Flashcards by Yu-An Chen

Integumentary

表皮

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Layers of epidermis （from superficial to deep）

［CLGSB： come let’s get Sun burnt］
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

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Thin (hairy) skin

Cover most area

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Thick (hairless) skin

Cover other areas: palms, palmar surface of digits and soles

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Sole

腳底

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4 major types of cells for epidermis

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, intro epidermal macrophages (langerhan’s cell), tactile epithelial cells(Merkel cells)

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Keratinocytes

The outermost layer of skin and originate from stem cells in the basal layer

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The function of keratinocytes

Protection -physical barrier against environment damage
Keratin production: produce a kind of protein to make skin more strength and flexible
Waterproofing 防水= produce lipids to prevent water loss

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Keratinisation

The life cycle of keratinocytes角化

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Keratinisation = the life cycle of keratinocytes

Cell division in the basal layer to make keratinocytes
Keratin cycle move up through the epidermal layers
Produce more keratin but lose their organelles胞器and flatten as they migrate upwards
Dead when reaching the surface and form a protective layer

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Melanocytes

黑色素細胞

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Melanin

黑色素

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Albinism

白化症

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Vitiligo

白斑

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Ultraviolet light

紫外線

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Mechanoreceptor

機械感受器

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Light tough

Hair follicles毛囊

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Indentation ＆ slipping

壓痕＆滑動：Meissner corpuscles

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Vibration

振動：Pacinian corpuscles

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Texture understanding

紋理理解： Merkel complexes

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Stretch

伸展：Ruffini corpuscles

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Tactile epithelial cells

觸覺上皮細胞

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Nociceptory

Help signal pain傷害感受器

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Dermis

真皮

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Collagen

膠原

Dermis is connective tissue containing ＿＿＿and ＿＿＿

Collagen ＆ elastic fibers

Two regions of dermis

Papillary region ＆reticular region

The function of papillary region

The formation of fingerprints ＆release growth factors for epidermal cell growth and differentiation分化

The composition of papillary region

House capillaries微血管＆thermoreceptor溫度感受器＆ meissner's corpuscles

The function of reticular region

Provide nutrients to skin & temperature regulation ＆protect skin

The composition of reticular region

Dense irregular connective tissue ＆pacinian corpuscles

Subcutaneous

皮下

The function of subcutaneous

Temperature regulation, protection, energy storage and administration of medication Attaches the skin to underlying tissue and organs

The parts of a hair

Shaft軸，follicle, a root that penetrates into the dermis

The part of hair in the dermis includes 2 sheath

An epithelial root sheath & A dermal root sheath鞘

The function of hair

1. Protection 2. Sensory function 3. Thermoregulation 4. Communication

Thermoregulation

溫度調節

Aangen

生長期

Quiescence

靜止

Apoptosis

細胞凋亡

Regression

回歸

Catagen

退化

Telogen

休止

Effluvium

脫髮

Producer of nail

Keratinised epidermal cell

The structure of nail

Free edge ＆transparent透明nail body(plate)with a whitish lunula at its base ＆nail root embedded in a fold of skin

The function of nail

Protect the digits ＆contribute to tactile sensation促進觸覺

4 types of gland for skin

1. sebaceous (oil) glands 2. Eccrine sweet gland 3, apocrine sweat glands 4. Ceruminous glands

Sebaceous(oil) glands

皮脂腺（油）和hair follicles相連

Eccrine sweat gland

小汗腺

The function of eccrine sweat gland

Secrete sweat to regulate body temperature

Three main skin area have apocrine sweat glands

Armpits腋窩 Nipples乳頭 Genital area生殖器

The function of apocrine sweat glands

Produce a thick milky sweat containing fats ＆ protein

Puberty

青春期

Ceruminous gland

耵聹腺：Modified apocrine glands

The function of ceruminous gland

Protect ear canal against physical damage and microbial invasion

Epidermis

表皮

Epidermal wound healing

表皮傷口癒合

Chemical mediator

化學介質

Proliferation

增生

Differentiation

分化

Deep wound

Injury extends to the dermis and subcutaneous layer

3 major stages of deep wound healing

1. inflammation 2. Proliferative 3. Remodeling

Remodeling

改造

Homeostasis stage

止血

Cessation

停止

Vasoconstriction

血管收縮

Platelet

血小板

Fibroblasts

纖維母細胞

Endothelial cells

內皮細胞

Leukocytes

白血球

Remodelling Phase

改造階段

Metalloproteinases

金屬蛋白酶(MMP)

fibroblast

角質

Collagen

膠原蛋白

provisional

暫時

apoptosis

細胞凋亡

Thermoregulation

體溫調節

Vitamin D3 is the most effective in…

raising and maintaining the serum concentration of calcitriol 提高和維持骨化三醇的血清濃度

yolk

蛋黃

crack

開裂

Dehydration

脫水

Subcutaneous

皮下的

brittle

脆

Botox/Clostridium botulinum

肉毒桿菌

botulinum toxin

肉毒桿菌毒素

corrosive

腐蝕性