M3 Phys Flashcards
The orientation of the heart:
a. base points toward neck, apex towards pelvis
b. base points toward left shoulder and apex towards right hip
c. base points toward right hip and apex towards left shoulder
d. base points toward right shoulder and apex points towards left hip
d. base points toward right shoulder and apex points towards left hip
List the layers of the heart wall from superior to deep:
a. myocardium, endocardium, epicardium
b. epicardium, endocardium, myocardium
c. epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
c. epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Connect the heart chambers to their function
- Right atrium
- Left atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left ventricle
a. pumps blood into pulmonary circuit
b. receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit
c. pumps blood into systemic circuit
d. receives blood returning from systemic circuit
- d
- b
- a
- c
Which of the following is not one of the 3 veins that enters the right atrium
a. SVC
b. IVC
c. tertiary sinus
d. coronary sinus
c. tertiary sinus
__ pulmonary vein(s) enter(s) the left atrium.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
d. 4
T/F
There are 2 atrioventriuclar valves - the right AV valve is bicuspid and the left is tricuspid.
False.
Right AV valve = tricuspid valve
Left AV valve = mitral or bicuspid
Name the 2 semilunar valves? What is their purpose?
aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves
- to prevent backflow into the ventricles
T/F
There are no valves guarding the entrances of venae cavae and pulmonary veins into right and left atria.
True
small amounts of blood does spurt back into these vessels during atrial contraction
Trace the pathway of blood through the heart.
SVC/IVC/coronary sinus -> RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary trunk -> to lungs -> 4 pulmonary veins -> LA -> mitral valve -> LV -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta -> to body
The left coronary artery divides into 2 major branches:
anterior interventricular artery (aka Left anterior descending) and the circumflex artery
The right coronary artery has 2 branches which supply the right atrium and ventricle. They are the:
right marginal and posterior interventricular artery
- supplied LA, LV and anterior interventricular sulcus and supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles
Which of the following is NOT true about cardiac muscle:
a. they have a large mitochondria
b. sarcomeres have Z discs, A bands, and I bands
c. they do not have triads
d. they have multiple nuceli
d. they have multiple nuceli
- one nuclei, intercalated discs which contain desmosomes and gap junctions.
T/F
Cardiac muscle has absolute an refractory period which prevents tetanic contractions.
True
When recording lead III on an EKG, the negative electrode is the:
a. right leg
b. right arm and left leg
c. left arm
d. left arm and left leg
e. left leg
c. left arm
Which of the following conditions will usually result in a right axis deviation in an EKG?
a. pulmonary hypertension
b. aortic valve stenosis
c. aortic valve regurgitation
d. systemic hypertension
a. pulmonary hypertension
52YOM with hx of lung CA develops swelling and dilated veins of the face, neck and arms, along with dilated veins of the upper chest. Which of the following anatomical conditions explains these symptoms?
a. pulmonary artery occlusion
b. carotid artery stenosis
c. aortic valve insufficiency
d. SVC obstruction
e. thoracic duct compression
d. SVC obstruction
The fibrous skeleton of the heart carries out all of the following functions EXCEPT:
a. separates the atria from the ventricles
b. source of dense connective tissue
c. insertion of muscle fibers
d. supports the 4 heart valves
e. conducts electrical impulses to cause contraction
e. conducts electrical impulses to cause contraction
Cardiac skeleton is non-conducting
The intracellular structure that distinguished cardiac muscle from skeletal and smooth muscle is:
a. cell membrane
b. nuclei
c. ATP
d. cross striations
e. intercalated discs
e. intercalated discs
Preload can best be determined by measuring which pressure?
a. aortic pressure
b. LV pressure
c. peripheral BP
d. RV pressure
e. central venous pressure
e. central venous pressure
Sympathetic stimulation of the heart normally causes:
a. decreased force of contraction of the atria
b. Acetylcholine release at the sympathetic endings
c. decreased HR
d. increased force of contraction on ventricles
d. increased force of contraction on ventricles
A drug or nerve which increased the force of heart contraction would be a:
a. positive inotrope
b. negative inotrope
c. positive chronotrope
d. positive dromotrope
a. positive inotrope
Inotropic is a cardiac drug which affects cardiac contraction, Chronotropic is a cardiac drug that affects heart rate. Dromotropic is a cardiac drug that affects conducting tissues of the heart.
Frank Starling Law of the heart states:
a. decreased stretch results in decreased contractility
b. increased stretch results in decreased contractility
c. stretch has no effect on contractility
d. stretch is direct related to heart rate
a. decreased stretch results in decreased contractility
