M1 Phys

Question 1

The patellar “knee jerk” reflex is an example of a(n):

a. crossed-extensor reflex
b. stress reflex
c. stretch reflex
d. extensor thrust reflex

Answer 1

c. stretch reflex

Question 2

Predict the outcome of damage to one cord of the left brachial plexus:

a. only a portion of the left limb will suffer reduced function
b. the entire left limb will be paralyzed
c. only a portion of the right limb will suffer reduced function

Question 3

If irritated, this nerve will cause hiccups

a. cutaneous nerve
b. cervical plexus
c. lesser occipital nerve
d. phrenic nerve

Answer 3

d. phrenic nerve

Question 4

The crossed-extensor reflex is important when:

a. someone taps on your patellar tendon
b. you step barefoot on a sharp object
c. a bright light shines in your eyes
d. you overextend your leg during the long jump

Answer 4

b. you step barefoot on a sharp object

Question 5

The dorsal root along the spinal cord contain _____ neurons, while the dorsal rami contain ____ neurons.

a. sensory; mixed
b. sensory; motor
c. motor; mmotor
d. motor; mixed

Answer 5

a. sensory; mixed ??

Question 6

Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are (in order). :

a. divisions, roots, trunks and cords
b. roots, divisions, cords and trunks,
c. trunks, divisions, cords and roots
d. roots, trunks, divisions and cords

Answer 6

d. roots, trunks, divisions and cords

Question 7

The length of a muscle is communicated to the brain via a ______.

a. nociceptor
b. muscle spindle
c. tendon organ
d. lamellar corpuscle

Answer 7

b. muscle spindle

Question 8

When you first enter a movie theater, the smell of popcorn overwhelms you. Once the movie has ended, you don’t notice the smell anymore. You have experiences:

a.phasic sensation
b. tonic sensation
c. adaptation
d. generator sensation

Answer 8

c. adaptation

Question 9

An osteopath can determine the approximate location of a spinal injury simply by testing areas of skin for numbness. These areas are referred to as:

a. dermatomes
b. cutaneous areas
c. cutaneous zones
d. desmosomes

Answer 9

a. dermatomes

Question 10

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the _____

a. thoracic plexus
b. femoral plexus
c. lumbar plexus
d. sacral plexus

Answer 10

d. sacral plexus

Question 11

Which precommand structure inhibits various motor centers of the brain?

a. brain stem nucleic (spinal cord)
b. spinal cord
c. cerebellum
d. basal nuclei

Answer 11

d. basal nuclei

Question 12

The spinal cord extends from _____ to ______

a. C1 - L2
b. foramen magnum to L2
c. foramen rotundum to L2
d. C2-L1

Answer 12

b. foramen magnum to L2

Question 13

T/F
The brain and spinal cord are protected by bone, meninges, and CSF.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

The spinal cord terminates in a tapering cone shaped structure called the ________.

Answer 14

Conus medullaris

Question 15

The collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the ______

Answer 15

cauda equina

Question 16

Pair the neuron with where it resides:

1. First order neurons
2. Second order neurons
3. Third order neurons

a. in the ganglion
b. have cell bodies in the thalamus
c. in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord or in medullary nuclei

Answer 16

1. a
2. c
3. b

Question 17

Which 2 pathways transmit impulses via the thalamus to the sensory cortex for conscious interpretation. The inputs of these tracks provide discriminative touch and conscious proprioception. Both pathways decussate.

a. First and second
b. First and third
c. Second and third

Answer 17

a. First and second

Question 18

Which neurons pathway, the spinocerebellar pathway, terminates in the cerebellum, and does not contribute to sensory perception.

Answer 18

Third-order neurons

Question 19

Sensory receptors are activated by changes in the ________ environment

a. internal environment
b. external environment
c. internal and/or external environment

Answer 19

c. internal and/or external environment

Question 20

Match the following

1. Mechanoreceptors
2. Thermoreceptors
3. Photoreceptors
4. Chemoreceptors
5. Nociceptors

a. temperature changes
b. pain - extreme heat or cold
c. mechanical force such as touch, pressure (including BP), vibration and stretch
d. respond to light
e. chemicals in solution (molecules smelled or tasted, or changes in blood or interstitial fluid chemistry)

Answer 20

1. c
2. a
3. d
4. e
5. b

Question 21

Virtually all encapsulated nerve endings are __________.

a. Mechanoreceptors
b. Thermoreceptors
c. Photoreceptors
d. Chemoreceptors
e. Nociceptors

Answer 21

a. Mechanoreceptors

Question 22

Match the encapsulated nerve endings with their role and or location:

1. tactile corpuscle
2. lamellar corpuscle
3. bulbous corpuscles
4. muscle spindles
5. tendon organs
6. joint kinesthetic receptors

a. respond only when deep pressure is first applied
b. respond to deep and continuous pressure.
c. sensitive and hairless skin areas ex. Nipples, fingertips and soles of feet
d. Detect muscles stretch and initiate reflex that resist stretch
e. monitor stretch in articular capsules that enclose synovial joints
f. causes the contracting muscle to relax.

Answer 22

1. c
2. a
3. b
4. d
5. f
6. e

Question 23

Joint kinesthetic receptors contain at least 4 receptor types. Which of the following is NOT one of those types…

a. lamellar corpuscles
b. bulbous corpuscles
c. free nerve endings
d. receptors resembling tendon organs
e. tactile corpuscles

Answer 23

e. tactile corpuscles

Question 24

Which of the following process sensory information?
a. Receptors
b. ascending pathways
c. the cerebral cortex
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

Answer 24

d. all of the above

Question 25

T/F Sensory (afferent) nerves - impulses TOWARD CNS Motor (efferent) nerves – impulses ONLY AWAY from CNS.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F If the cell body remains intact, axons of peripheral nerves can regenerate but the axons in the CNS cannot.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the five major branches of the facial nerve: a. temporal b. maxillary c. cyclomatic d. buccal e. mandibular f. cervical.

Answer 27

b. maxillary

Question 28

There are ___ pairs of spinal nerves that innervate the body. a. 24 b. 26 c. 30 d. 31

Answer 28

d. 31

Question 29

Match the ventral and dorsal roots to what they contain: 1. ventral root 2. dorsal root a. contain sensory (afferent) fibers that arise from sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia and conduct impulses from peripheral receptors to the spinal cord. b. contain motor (efferent) fibers that arise from ventral horn motor neurons and extend to and innervate the skeletal muscles.

Answer 29

1. b 2. a

Question 30

T/F Damage to one spinal segment or root cannot completely paralyze any limb muscle.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Which one of the following statements about the cervical plexus (C1-C4) is incorrect: a. lies under the SCM b. most of its branches are cutaneous nerves that supply only the skin c. the most important nerve from this plexus is the phrenic nerve (C3-C5) b. most of its branches innervate several muscles of the head and neck.

Answer 31

b. most of its branches innervate several muscles of the head and neck.

Question 32

The root of the brachial plexus is ______

Answer 32

C5-T1

Question 33

Put the following into proper order: 1. upper middle and lower trunks 2.anterior and posterior division 3. lateral, medial and posterior cords

Answer 33

1 2 3

Question 34

Name the main nerves of the upper limb (5):

Answer 34

axillary, musculocutaneous, median, ulnar and radial nerves

Question 35

Match the nerve to the motor fibers/muscles 1. axillary 2. musculocutaneous 3. median 4. ulnar 5. radial a. biceps brachii, brachialis and coracobrachialis, cutaneous sensation in lateral forearm b. deltoid and teres minor + skin and joint capsule of shoulder c. most flexor muscles, in hand - all 5 intrinsic muscles of lateral palm. Muscles that pronate forearm, flex hand and fingers and oppose thumb. d. flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of flexor digitorum profundus, in hand: most intrinsic hand muscles and skin of medial aspect of hand. e. all extensor muscles of upper limb - extends elbow, supinates forearm, extends hand and fingers and abducts thumb

Answer 35

1. b 2. a 3. c 4. d 5. 3

Question 36

Which 2 plexuses overlap?

Answer 36

Sacral and lumbar L1-L4, L4-S4

Question 37

What is the largest terminal nerve of the lumbar plexus?

Answer 37

Femoral nerve

Question 38

The sciatic nerve has 2 branches: a. femoral and obturator b. tibial and common fibular c. femoral and tibial d. femoral and fibular

Answer 38

b. tibial and common fibular

Question 39

The tibial nerves divides into ______ nerves at the ankle. a. anterior and posterior plantar nerves b. medial and lateral plantar nerves c. anterior and posterior malleolar nerves d. medial and lateral malleolar nerves

Answer 39

b. medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 40

What are the 3 levels of motor hierarchy from lowest to highest? a. projection level, segmental level, pre-command level b. segmental level, projection level, pre-command level c. pre-command level, segmental level, projection level

Answer 40

b. segmental level, projection level, pre-command level

Question 41

What is the key center for sensory-motor integration and control? a. basal nuclei b. spinal cord c. cerebrum d. cerebellum

Answer 41

d. cerebellum

Question 42

The reflex arc enables rapid and predictable responses. It has 5 components: (name the missing component) a. receptor b. sensory neuron c. integration center d. _______ e. effector

Answer 42

motor neuron

Question 43

T/F The autonomic reflexes activate skeletal muscles, while the somatic reflexes active visceral effectors.

Answer 43

False somatic reflexes - activate skeletal muscle autonomic (visceral) reflexes - activate visceral effectors (smooth or cardiac muscle or glands)

Question 44

Spinal reflexes Match the reflex with its response. 1. stretch 2. tendon reflex 3. flexor (or withdrawl) 4. crossed-extensor a. muscles relax and lengthen in response to tension b. initiated by a painful stimulus which causes a withdrawal of the threatened body part from the stimulus. c. cause muscle contraction in response to increased muscle length d. ipsilateral withdrawal reflex in a contralateral extensor reflex

Answer 44

1. c 2. a 3. b 4. d

Question 45

Plantar reflex tests the integrity of the spinal cord from ____ - ______. a. L2-S4 b. L4-S2 c. L3-S3 d. L4-S1

Answer 45

b. L4-S2