M3 Anatomy

Question 1

T_ - T_ are typical intercostal nerves

T_- T_ & T_ -T_ are atypical intercostal nerves.

Answer 1

T3 - T6

T1 - T2 & T7 - T 11

Question 2

Why are T1, 2 7-11 atypical intercostal nerves?

Answer 2

T1 - first rib and shares in brachial plexus. No lateral cutaneous branch.
T2 - lateral cutaneous branch (intercostobrachial nerve) - runs in axilla, communicating with medial cutaneous nerve of arm
T7-T11 - pass between costal slips of diaphragm to anterior abdominal wall to supply muscles and skin and parietal peritoneum.

Typical emerge from their corresponding intervertebral foramen and run posterior of intercostal space.

Question 3

T/F
The pulmonary trunk transmits oxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Answer 3

False.
transmits non-oxygenated blood

Question 4

Match the part of the aorta with the list of branches:

1. ascending aorta
2. arch of aorta
3. thoracic aorta

a. brachiocephalic, L common carotid, L subclavian, and thyroidae ima artery
b. R coronary artery from anterior aortic sinus and L coronary artery arises from L posterior aortic sinus
c. posterior intercostal, subcostal, pericardial, L bronchial, esophagus branches, mediastinal, superior phrenic arteries

Answer 4

1. b
2. a
3. c

Question 5

What are the 3 aortic fixed points of attachment and why are they important?

Answer 5

aortic valve, ligamentum arteriosum, behind crura of diaphragm

rest of aorta is free from attachment - serious deceleration injuries likely to cause trauma at these fixed points

Question 6

At the 6th intercostal space, the internal thoracic artery divides into 2 terminal branches: ______ and _______ arteries.

Answer 6

musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries

Question 7

How many posterior intercostal arteries are there?

Answer 7

11

Question 8

The posterior intercostal arteries - 1&2 arteries arise from superior intercostal artery of costocervical trunk of 2nd part of subclavian artery. The lower 9 arteries and subcostal artery arise from _______ _______ aorta.

Answer 8

descending thoracic

Question 9

Which of the following is not a branch of the posterior intercostal arteries?

a. collateral
b. muscular
c. lateral cutaneous
d. medial cutaneous

Answer 9

d. medial cutaneous

Branches:
collateral, muscular, lateral cutaneous, mammary, and right bronchial artery

Question 10

Anterior Intercostal arteries:
There are ___ small arteries in each of the ___ spaces.

a. 2, 9
b.2, 11
c. 3, 10
d. 4, 9

Answer 10

a. 2, 9

Question 11

Anterior intercostal arteries:
The upper 6 intercostal spaces, they are branches from ___________ artery. In the 7-9, they are branches from _______ artery.

Answer 11

internal mammary artery
musculophrenic artery

10-11 have no anterior intercostal arteries because they are incomplete anteriorly

Question 12

T/F
The posterior intercostal veins are 11 pairs, each runs posteriorly in the costal groove below its artery and nerve.

Answer 12

False.
they run above its artery and nerve.

Question 13

T/F
The internal thoracic vein terminates at the brachiocephalic vein (left or right).

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Anterior intercostal veins:
- 2 in each space
- the upper 2 drain into the mammary vein
- 3-6 into vanae commitantes of internal mammary artery
7-9 drain into venar commitantes of _______ artery.

Answer 14

musculophrenic

Question 15

The right and left brachiocephalic veins are the union of which 2 veins? Where do they terminate?

Answer 15

internal jugular
subclavian veins

Termination: SVC

Question 16

____ receives all venous drainage from the upper body.

Answer 16

SVC

Question 17

The vagus nerve does NOT supply:

a. heart
b. lungs
c. descending colon
d. thyroid gland

Answer 17

c. descending colon

Question 18

The vagus passes anterior or posterior to the hilum of the lung?

Question 19

The 1st and 2nd posterior intercostal arteries arise directly from the:

a. subclavian artery
b. anterior intercostal artery
c. internal thoracic artery
d. superior intercostal artery

Answer 19

a. subclavian artery

Question 20

The phrenic nerve passes anterior or posterior to the hilum of the lung?

Question 21

Which of the following ligaments of the spinal cord runs between the anterior and posterior roots?

a. subarachnoid septum
b. filum terminale
c. denticulate ligament
d. median fissure

Question 22

What is the correct sequence of the layers of meningeal membranes beginning with the brain and going out to the skull?

Answer 22

Pia, arachnoid, dura
innermost to outermost

Question 23

Where does the SVC end?

Answer 23

right atrium

Question 24

There are 4 pulmonary veins. They carry _____ blood from _____ atrium and open into systemic circulation.

Answer 24

oxygenated
left atrium

Question 25

Azygos veins are found on the ____, while the hemiazygos are found on the _____ side of the body.

Answer 25

Azygos = right hemiazygos = left

Question 26

_______ provide an alternative pathway for the return of venous blood to the right atrium if there is an obstruction of SVC of IVC.

Answer 26

azygos veins

Question 27

Phrenic nerves originate at C_ - C_, but mainly at C_.

Answer 27

C3 - C5, mainly C4

Question 28

The left vagus passes behind the root of the left lung where it forms the left posterior _____ plexus.

Answer 28

pulmonary

Question 29

The thoracic part of the sympathetic trunk descends into the thorax and lies on the sides of bodies of thoracic vertebrae. It then passes behind the ______ _______ ligament of diaphragm and becomes continues with the _____ part of the sympathetic trunk.

Answer 29

medial arcuate ligament lumbar

Question 30

The branches of the thoracic part of the sympathetic trunk: 1. greater splanchnic nerve 2. lesser splanchnic nerve 3. lowest splanchnic nerve a. 5th to 9th ganglia, ends mainly in celiac ganglion b. 12th, ends in renal plexus c. 10 to 11th, ends in celiac ganglion

Answer 30

1. a 2. c 3. b

Question 31

Which of the following is FALSE? Preganglionic sympathetic fibers leave the spinal nerve and pass through a white ramus into one of the ganglia of the sympathetic chain. Course of fibers can be one of the following: 1. It can synapse with postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the ganglion that it enters 2. It can pass upward or downward in the chain and synapse in one of the other ganglia of the chain 3. It can pass for variable distances through the chain and then through one of the sympathetic nerves radiating outward from the chain, finally synapsing in a peripheral sympathetic ganglion. 4. It van pass only downward in the chain and synapse in one of the other ganglia of the chain.

Answer 31

4.

Question 32

T/F The superficial part of the cardiac plexus is found below the arch of the aorta, in front of ligamentum arteriosum. The deep part is found anterior to tracheal bifurcation and posterior to the arch of the aorta.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What is the nerve supply of the vertebral joints - anterior and posterior innervations?

Answer 33

Anterior - meningeal branches - supply meninges, spinal ligaments, and discs Posterior - facets supplied by posterior rami of the spinal nerve. They also supply intrinsic spinal muscles.

Question 34

The thoracic duct drains lymph from the body below the ______ via the cisterna chyli.

Answer 34

diaphragm

Question 35

Superficial lymphatic drainage of the thoracic wall is drained into ____ lymph nodes.

Answer 35

axillary

Question 36

The deep lymphatics of the thoracic wall drain into 3 groups of lymph nodes: 1. parasternal 2. intercostal 3. ______

Answer 36

diaphragmatic

Question 37

Posterior intercostal, anterior intercostal, subcostal, and superior and inferior phrenic arteries are the arterial supply of the ______. a. leg b. pelvis c. diaphragm d. arm

Answer 37

diaphragm