M2 Anatomy

Question 1

The cruciate anastomosis is in the region of:

a. ankle
b. elbow
c. pelvis
d. upper back of thigh

Answer 1

d. upper back of thigh

Question 2

The lesser saphenous vein empties directly into the:

a. SVC
b. popliteal vein
c. posterior tibial vein
d. femoral vein

Answer 2

b. popliteal

Question 3

Injury of the superior gluteal nerve may disturb gait by paralyzing the:

a. hamstrings
b. glute med
c. glute max
d. piriformis

Answer 3

b. glute med

Question 4

T/F
Both the inferior gluteal nerve and artery supply the glute max.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which of the following arteries supply the hip joint?

a. obturator
b. superior gluteal
c. medial circumflex femoral
d. all of the above

Answer 5

all of the above

Question 6

Which group of muscles below does the obturator nerve supply?

a. abductors
b. flexors
c. lateral rotators
d. adductors

Answer 6

d. adductors

Question 7

Which of the following muscles is not a boundary of the femoral triangle (including roof and floor)?

a. sartorius
b. psoas
c. adductor longus
d. adductor brevis

Answer 7

d. adductor brevis

Question 8

Which of the following arteries is a terminal branch of the popliteal artery?

a. peroneal
b. dorsalis pedis
c. profunda femoris
d. posterior tibial

Answer 8

d. posterior tibial

Question 9

Which of the following does the intermediate portion/compartment of the femoral sheath contain?

a. femoral artery
b. femoral nerve
c. femoral ring
d. femoral vein

Answer 9

d. femoral vein

Question 10

The longest and largest nerve in the body is:

a. phrenic
b. ulnar
c. sciatic
d. femoral

Answer 10

c. sciatic

Question 11

What are the 4 muscles of the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 11

medial to lateral
adductor longus
pectineus
psoas major
iliacus

Question 12

Name the base, lateral and medial borders of the femoral triangle.

Answer 12

Inguinal ligament
sartorius
adductor longus

Question 13

Name the contents of the femoral triangle (7)

Answer 13

Femoral nerve, artery, vein, sheath, branch of genitofemoral nerve,
lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 14

Where is the femoral ring located?

Answer 14

In the femoral triangle , separating neurovascular contents

Question 15

The femoral sheath has 3 compartments. Connect the compartment to its contents.

1. Lateral compartment
2. Intermediate compartment
3. Medial compartment

a. femoral vein
b. femoral artery and femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
c. fat and one lymph node

Answer 15

1. b
2. a
3. c

Question 16

What is the function of the femoral canal?

a. allows for distension
b. passage of lymphatics from deep inguinal lymph nodes to external iliac
c. allows for space alongside femoral vein
d. all of the above

Answer 16

d. all of the above

Question 17

Femoral Artery supplies all structures in the thigh. It is a continuation of the external iliac artery and turns into femoral artery at _______ point. It terminates at the adductor hiatus, becoming the ______ artery.

Answer 17

mid-inguinal
popliteal

Question 18

The superficial epigastric artery, the superficial circumflex iliac artery and the superficial external pudendal artery are all superficial branches of the ______ artery.

Answer 18

femoral

Question 19

What is the largest branch of the femoral artery?

a. Deep external pudendal
b. Profunda femoris
c. Descending genicular artery

Answer 19

(all are deep branches of femoral artery)

b. profunda femoris

Question 20

The femoral vein is an upward continuation of the ______ vein through the adductor opening. It terminates at the ___________ vein behind the inguinal ligament, medial to the femoral artery.

Answer 20

popliteal
external iliac

Question 21

The femoral nerve is the main nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh. It is also the largest branch of the ______ plexus, originating from ___ - ___.

Answer 21

lumbar
L2 - L4

Question 22

Branches of the Femoral Nerve -

1. From the trunk
2. From the anterior division
3. From the posterior division

a. iliacus, pectineus, vascular branch to femoral artery
b. 4 heads of quadriceps femoris
c. intermediate and medial cutaneous nerve of thigh and nerve to sartorius

Answer 22

1. a
2. c
3. b

Question 23

Why is a lesion in the hip referred to the knee joint?

Answer 23

The femoral and obturator nerves give innervation to both

Question 24

What is the largest branch of the femoral nerve?

Answer 24

Saphenous nerve
- longest cutaneous nerve in the body

Question 25

Which is not an articular branch of the femoral nerve? a. sartorius (hip) b. rectus femoris (hip) c. 3 vastus muscles (knee) d. pectineus (hip)

Answer 25

d. pectineus

Question 26

T/F The obturator artery originates at the internal iliac in the pelvis. It enters the thigh through the obturator canal with the obturator nerve.

Answer 26

True.

Question 27

T/F The anterior and posterior division of the obturator nerve both have cutaneous branches.

Answer 27

False. Anterior branch does, the posterior does not

Question 28

Which of the following is not part of the internal iliac artery - posterior division: a. superior gluteal artery b. inferior gluteal artery c. internal pudendal artery

Answer 28

a. superior gluteal artery - is in the anterior division

Question 29

What are the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 29

tibial and common peroneal (fibular)

Question 30

The Sciatic nerve is cutaneous to all of the leg and foot except for areas supplied by the ______ nerve.

Answer 30

saphenous

Question 31

Which of the following muscles are not supplied by the sciatic nerve? a. long head of biceps femoris b. short head of biceps femoris c. adductor magnus d. semitendinosus e. semimembranosus

Answer 31

b. short head of biceps femoris is supplied by lateral popliteal (common peroneal)

Question 32

Connect the cutaneous nerve supply of the back of the thigh to the 3 vertical areas it's divided into. 1. lateral 2. medial 3. middle a. lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh b. posterior branch of medial cutaneous nerve of thigh c. posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

Answer 32

1. a 2. b 3. c

Question 33

Which of the following is not a part of the popliteal fossa? a. common peroneal nerve + tibial nerve b. popliteal artery and vein (+ branches and tributaries) c. popliteal lymph nodes d. fat e. patella

Answer 33

e. patella

Question 34

What is the most anterior structure in the popliteal fossa? a. popliteal nerve b. popliteal artery c. popliteal vein d. popliteal lymph nodes

Answer 34

b. popliteal artery

Question 35

The popliteal artery terminates at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle - branching to ___________ arteries.

Answer 35

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 36

T/F The popliteal vein ascends in the fossa between the popliteal artery and the tibial nerve.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

T/F The common peroneal and tibial nerves have the same root, at L4-S2.

Answer 37

False. Common peroneal L4-S2 Tibial nerve - L3-S3

Question 38

T/F Anterior tibial artery continues as dorsalis pedis artery.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Cutaneous nerve supply of the front of the leg: Medially supplied by saphenous nerve (and infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve) Laterally: upper 2/3 by lateral cutaneous nerve of calf. Lower 1/3 by superficial ______ nerve.

Answer 39

peroneal

Question 40

The deep fibular nerve arises from the _____ _____ nerve as one of its two terminal branches.

Answer 40

common fibular

Question 41

Anterior compartment syndrome (trauma to the anterior leg) causes "foot drop" as it damages the _________ nerve.

Answer 41

deep fibular

Question 42

T/F The dorsalis pedis artery is a continuation of the anterior tibial artery.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

Connect the cutaneous nerve to what area of the skin they supply. 1. Medial part to the root of big toe 2. Skin of 1st web 3. Most lateral part of little toe 4. Rest of dorsum of foot 5. Skin on dorsum of terminal phalanges a. sural nerve b. superficial peroneal nerve c. saphenous nerve d. digital branches of medial and lateral plantar nerves e. deep peroneal nerve

Answer 43

1. c 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. d

Question 44

The lateral (peroneal) compartment of the leg contains 2 muscles with the superficial peroneal nerve. What are the 2 muscles?

Answer 44

peroneus longus and brevis

Question 45

The superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve arises from the __________ nerve.

Answer 45

common peroneal (as one of two terminal branches)

Question 46

T/F The posterior tibial artery divides into the medial and lateral plantar branches.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

The back of the leg is supplied by 3 vertical areas of cutaneous nerves. Connect the area with what is supplied by 1. Medial 2. Lateral 3. Central a. posterior branch of medial cutaneous nerve of thigh and saphenous nerves b. lateral cutaneous nerve of calf, sural nerve, peroneal communicating c. posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh and sural nerves

Answer 47

1. a 2. b 3. c

Question 48

The tibial nerve is a division of the sciatic nerve. It terminates under the flexor retinaculum, dividing into ______ and _____ ________ nerves.

Answer 48

medial and lateral plantar

Question 49

Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial vessels, tibial nerve, and flexor hallicus longus. These structures pass deep to the ______ ________.

Answer 49

flexor retinaculum

Question 50

A person has numbness in their foot that is radiating to the big toe, their first 3 toes and they tingling over the base of their foot and heel. What condition could this be?

Answer 50

Tarsal tunnel syndrome

Question 51

T/F The cutaneous nerves that supply the sole of the foot include: medial calcaneal branches of tibial nerve medial plantar nerve lateral plantar nerve

Answer 51

True

Question 52

The superficial veins of the lower limb include all except: a. great saphenous vein b. small saphenous vein c. least saphenous vein d. dorsal venous arch

Answer 52

c. least saphenous vein

Question 53

T/F The great saphenous vein terminates at the popliteal vein and the lesser saphenous vein terminates at the femoral vein.

Answer 53

False. Great saphenous - femoral vein Lesser saphenous - popliteal vein

Question 54

What 2 elements help in venous drainage in the lower limb against gravity?

Answer 54

valves and muscular contraction

Question 55

Name the deep veins of the lower limb (8)

Answer 55

Deep veins of the lower limb: plantar, tibial, fibular, popliteal, femoral, external/internal iliac, common iliac - empty into IVC

Question 56

Match the blood supply to the joint. 1. Hip joint 2. Knee joint 3. Superior tibiofibular 4. Inferior tibiofibular a. perforating branch of peroneal, malleolar arteries b. acetabular branches of obturator and medial circumflex femoral artery, retinacular arteries, and superior and inferior gluteal arteries c. descending lateral circumflex femoral, descending genicular, anterior and posterior tibial recurrent + 5 branches of popliteal d. anterior and posterior tibial recurrent artery

Answer 56

1. b 2. c 3. d 4. a

Question 57

Match the nerve supply to the joint 1. hip 2. knee 3. superior tibiofibular 4. inferior tibiofibular a. popliteus, recurrent genicular b. femoral, anterior division of obturator, accessory obturator, nerve to quad fem, and superior gluteal nerve c. femoral, obturator, tibial (3 genicular branches), common peroneal (3 genicular branches) d. deep peroneal and tibial nerve

Answer 57

1. b 2. c 3. a 4. d

Question 58

Where can a pulse be felt in the lower limb? (4)

Answer 58

femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial

Question 59

An injury to the sciatic nerve would paralyze the ________, affecting flexion of the knee and extension of the hip

Answer 59

hamstrings

Question 60

T/F An injury to the sciatic nerve would cause loss of sensation to everything below the knee.

Answer 60

False It would cause sensation loss below knee, except area supplied by saphenous nerve.

Question 61

A person comes into your office with a stomping gait and "foot drop". An injury to which nerve could cause this?

Answer 61

sciatic - if paralysis

Question 62

A fracture to the neck of the fibula or pressure from casts or splints can cause an injury to ________ nerve. This injury causes muscles of the anterior and lateral compartment to be paralyzed, causing plantar flexion and inversion of the foot.

Answer 62

common peroneal

Question 63

Because of its deep and protected position, the _____ nerve is rarely injured. Complete division can result in all muscles in the back of the leg and sole of the foot to be paralyzed, with dorsiflexion and eversion.

Answer 63

tibial nerve