M2: Chapter 2

Question 1

Process of determining truth or knowledge through EXPERIMENTATION, inductive and deductive reasoning, and hypothesis

Answer 1

Scientific Method

Question 2

Another term for scientific method?

Answer 2

Empirical Method

Question 3

Involves QUESTION to stimulate critical thinking

Answer 3

Socratic Method

Question 4

DISCOURSE/DEBATE between people with differing views aiming to establish truth though reasoned argumentation

Answer 4

Dialectic Method

Question 5

What are the two major types of logic?

Answer 5

(1) Deductive Reasoning and (2) Inductive Reasoning

Question 6

General principles to specific instances

Answer 6

Deductive Reasoning

Question 7

Specific instances to general principles

Answer 7

Inductive Reasoning

Question 8

Able to judge or discerning. Ability to engage in reflective and independent thinking.

Answer 8

Critical Thinking

Question 9

Series of statements that provide reasons to convince the reading that claim or opinion is truthful.

Answer 9

Arguments

Question 10

What do you call the mistakes and error of the arguments?

Answer 10

Logical Fallacies

Question 11

When an argument attacks the personal traits of an individual instead of addressing the argument itself

Answer 11

Ad Hominem

Question 12

Using threat of force to advance an argument

Answer 12

Ad Baculum (Appeal to Force)

Question 13

Using emotions such as pity or sympathy

Answer 13

Appeal to Pity

Question 14

The idea is presented as acceptable because a lot of people accept it

Answer 14

Ad Populum (Appeal to Majority)

Question 15

The idea is acceptable because it has been true for a long time

Answer 15

As Antiquities (Appeal to Tradition)

Question 16

Assuming that what is true of a part, is true for the whole

Answer 16

Fallacy of Composition

Question 17

Assuming that what is true for the whole is true for its parts

Answer 17

Fallacy of Division

Question 18

Assumes the truth of the conclusion. Roaming around the bush

Answer 18

Begging the Question (Circular Reasoning)

Question 19

Assuming a cause and effect relationship between unrelated events

Answer 19

Post Hoc (Cause and Effect)

Question 20

Personal views of the person presenting it

Answer 20

Bias

Question 21

Tendency to judge a persons personality. Ignored the external factors and conclude right away

Answer 21

Correspondence Bias

Question 22

Tendency to look for and accept information in a way that confirms one’s own beliefs and reject ideas that go against it

Answer 22

Confirmation bias

Question 23

When a person decision making is unduly influenced by a secondary interest, typically one that can bring personal benefit, which may compromise their primary responsibility or objective integrity

Answer 23

Conflict of Interest

Question 24

Analyzing or issue based on one’s cultural standards

Answer 24

Cultural Bias

Question 25

People decide between options based on whether the options are presented with positive or negative connotations

Answer 25

Framing Bias