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Microbiology > M2 > Flashcards

M2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the procedure of sampling as part of a clinical practice/ research?

A
  • handling of specimen
  • laboratory processing and reporting
  • interpretation and use of information
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2
Q

Describe isolating and identifying organism.

A
  • Sample- (for culture,microbial product detection, Ab detection)
  • Timing- (secondary infection)
  • Handling- ( rapid/match transport medium)
  • Request form- (relevant clinical information,thorough and concise)
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3
Q

How do you sample purulent infection?

A
  • aspirate of pus
  • prevents contamination
  • maintains anaerobes
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4
Q

How do you sample mucosal infections?

A
  • yeast,swab or oral wash

- herpes,lesion swab

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5
Q

how long after are results received for sample cultures?

A

within 2-5 days

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6
Q

Describe the process of samples for culture.

A

-Streaked on Blood Agar, aerobic & anaerobic
– Smear of pus fixed and analysed by Gram stain
– Initial plate seeded for Antibiotic sensitivity
– Visible colonies analysed at 24-48 hours
– Biochemical profiling
– Antibiotic sensitivity determined (24-48 hours)
– Prolonged incubation for slow growing species optional

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7
Q

what are the reasons for culturing?

A
  • determines viability (aerobic versus anaerobic)
  • component species (mixture of species
  • provides pure materials (amplifies the bacteria/fungus responsible, choose single colony for further characterisation)
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8
Q

what is the primary inoculum?

A

clean loop to spread bacteria

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9
Q

what is general media?

A

transport media :

-excess of nutrients

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10
Q

what is enrichment media?

A

addition of blood/serum/extracts will support growth of fastidious organisms

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11
Q

what is selective media?

A
  • a media that selects for the growth of specific prokaryotes
  • presence of specific substances permits the growth of one organism over another
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12
Q

what is differential media?

A

Incorporation of chemicals produces visible changes in colonies that facilitate identification

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13
Q

How are colonies identified?

A

Microscopy (single colony or pus sample):
– Pure culture or polymorph
– Shape, size, grouping
– Structures (capsules, flagella, spores)
– Staining (Gram)

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14
Q

what is the shape of cocci?

A

spheres

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15
Q

what are the arrangements of cocci?

A
  • single coccus
  • pair of cocci (diplococci)
  • cluster of cocci (staphylococci)
  • chains of cocci (streptococci)
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16
Q

what is the difference between staphylococci and streptococci?

A

staphylococci changes direction and forms cluster whereas streptococci growths in one direction to form poles

17
Q

Describe the process spores and involved in.

A
  • binary fission
  • sporulation
  • prespore
  • endospore
  • cell lysis
  • spore
  • germination
18
Q

Describe biochemical characterisation.

A

Metabolic profiling:

  • utilisation of carbon sources
  • utilisation of amino acids
19
Q

Describe serological tests.

A

Host immune response to Ag by the raising of
Abs.
• Ab specific to microbe/virus (polyclonal), or
single component (monoclonal)
• Detect presence of specific IgM Ab to virus/ microbe
• Demonstrate in vitro by agglutination (aggregation) reaction
• Rapid detection of viruses (24 hours), even possible to identify the stage of infection using two different tests.
• Can identify specific Serotypes of bacteria

20
Q

Name 3 immunological techniques.

A
  • agglutination reactions (clumping)
  • direct fluorescence antibody test (DFA)
  • ELISA
21
Q

what does agglutination do?

A

slide agglutination use Ag/Ab specificity

22
Q

what is 16sRNA?

A

RNA component of Holoenzyme used as molecular signature

molecular signature of bacteria that allows us to assign them to a general species

23
Q

what does MALDI-TOF do?

A

-Generates a series of ions from a sample dependent on its constituents
• Separates the ions according to mass & charge
• Detects the spectrum of proteins released from a sample
• Results in characteristic signature

24
Q

what is effective about MALDI-TOF?

A
  • powerful-99% correct
  • rapid- colony tested in 6 mins
  • precise
  • cost-effective

Microbiology (30 decks)

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