M104 T2 L8 Flashcards
What organs are associated with the gut?
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen
What type of epithelium are ductules made up of?
cuboidal
What type of cells are ducts made up of?
columnar epithelium
What are the two components of the intrahepatic biliary tree?
sectoral ducts of the (L & R) liver
What are the two components of the extrahepatic biliary tree?
(L & R) hepatic ducts
What do the two components of the extrahepatic biliary tree join to form?
the common hepatic duct
Where does the cystic duct originate from?
the gallbladder
What are the components of the common bile duct?
the common hepatic duct
the cystic duct
Where do the ducts of the biliary tree empty out into?
the duodenum
Which ducts empty out into the duodenum?
the common bile duct
the pancreatic duct
At what point does the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct join together?
at the hepatopancreatic duct
Where do the L&R hepatic ducts leave the liver?
via the porta hepatis
What is the extrahepatic bile duct wall made up of?
fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle
What is another name for the hepatopancreatic duct?
the ampulla of Vater
What is responsiblef for the moderation of emptying into the duodenum?
the sphincter of Oddi
Where is the bile duct in respect to the portal vein and the hepatic artery?
it is ANTERIOR to the portal vein
it is RIGHT of the hepatic artery
Why do we need to know where the bile duct is in respect to local veins and arteries?
anatomical relations in this area are a crucial surgical consideration
What are the functions of the gall bladder?
Store and concentrate bile
Selectively absorb bile salts
Excrete cholesterol and mucous
Where is the gall bladder located in respect to the liver?
it is on the INFERIOR surface of the right hepatic lobe
What is the shape of the gall bladder?
Characteristically conical/pear-shaped
How is the gall bladder divided?
it is divided into the fundus, body and neck
Where is the pancreas located in respect to the stomach?
POSTERIOR
What are the three divisions of the pancreas?
the head, body and tail
What arteries is the pancreas supplied by?
pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
pacreaticduodenal
What vein is the pancreas supplied by?
Pancreatic (drain into the portal vein)
What two nerves is the pancreas supplied by?
Coeliac ganglia and Vagus
What are the stages of the exocrine pathway of the pancreas?
pancreatic secretions collect in small ducts
the ducts join to form the Wirsung
The Wirsung meets the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla / ampulla of Vater
empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
What are the causes of pancreatitis?
Gallstones
High alcohol intake
Cystic fibrosis
High levels of calcium or blood fats
What are the causes of pancreatic cancer?
Obstructive jaundice (gallstones)
High alcohol intake
Smoking
Genetics
What is the spleen a gland of?
blood
What are the functions of the spleen?
it contains WBCs
it stores platelets
it controls the levels of all blood cells
it filters the blood to remove old or damaged RBCs
What is the texture of the spleen liek?
Delicate and friable
When does the spleen produce blood cells?
during foetal life
What is the spleen surrounded by anatomically?
a connective tissue capsule
The inner portion is known as
This contains
Red pulp -
What is the inner portion of the spllen known as?
parenchyma
What does the parenchyma contain?
red and white pulp
What does red pulp in the parenchyma of a spleen contain?
blood filled sinuses
What does white pulp in the parenchyma of a spleen contain?
lymphatic tissue (WBCs)
What type of capillaries would you expect to see within the spleen?
Sinusoidal - they allow easier movement of larger molecules from the blood
What is the localisation of visceral pain like?
it is poorly localised in comparison to somatic pain
due to innervation of structures
How is visceral pain described?
dull, aching, pressure
What does visceral pain cause?
referred pain
What will worsen symptoms related to blockages of the biliary tree?
Ingesting fatty foods
