M104 T2 L8

Question 1

What organs are associated with the gut?

Answer 1

Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen

Question 2

What type of epithelium are ductules made up of?

Answer 2

cuboidal

Question 3

What type of cells are ducts made up of?

Answer 3

columnar epithelium

Question 4

What are the two components of the intrahepatic biliary tree?

Answer 4

sectoral ducts of the (L & R) liver

Question 5

What are the two components of the extrahepatic biliary tree?

Answer 5

(L & R) hepatic ducts

Question 6

What do the two components of the extrahepatic biliary tree join to form?

Answer 6

the common hepatic duct

Question 7

Where does the cystic duct originate from?

Answer 7

the gallbladder

Question 8

What are the components of the common bile duct?

Answer 8

the common hepatic duct

the cystic duct

Question 9

Where do the ducts of the biliary tree empty out into?

Answer 9

the duodenum

Question 10

Which ducts empty out into the duodenum?

Answer 10

the common bile duct

the pancreatic duct

Question 11

At what point does the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct join together?

Answer 11

at the hepatopancreatic duct

Question 12

Where do the L&R hepatic ducts leave the liver?

Answer 12

via the porta hepatis

Question 13

What is the extrahepatic bile duct wall made up of?

Answer 13

fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle

Question 14

What is another name for the hepatopancreatic duct?

Answer 14

the ampulla of Vater

Question 15

What is responsiblef for the moderation of emptying into the duodenum?

Answer 15

the sphincter of Oddi

Question 16

Where is the bile duct in respect to the portal vein and the hepatic artery?

Answer 16

it is ANTERIOR to the portal vein

it is RIGHT of the hepatic artery

Question 17

Why do we need to know where the bile duct is in respect to local veins and arteries?

Answer 17

anatomical relations in this area are a crucial surgical consideration

Question 18

What are the functions of the gall bladder?

Answer 18

Store and concentrate bile
Selectively absorb bile salts
Excrete cholesterol and mucous

Question 19

Where is the gall bladder located in respect to the liver?

Answer 19

it is on the INFERIOR surface of the right hepatic lobe

Question 20

What is the shape of the gall bladder?

Answer 20

Characteristically conical/pear-shaped

Question 21

How is the gall bladder divided?

Answer 21

it is divided into the fundus, body and neck

Question 22

Where is the pancreas located in respect to the stomach?

Answer 22

POSTERIOR

Question 23

What are the three divisions of the pancreas?

Answer 23

the head, body and tail

Question 24

What arteries is the pancreas supplied by?

Answer 24

pancreatic branches of the splenic artery

pacreaticduodenal

Question 25

What vein is the pancreas supplied by?

Answer 25

Pancreatic (drain into the portal vein)

Question 26

What two nerves is the pancreas supplied by?

Answer 26

Coeliac ganglia and Vagus

Question 27

What are the stages of the exocrine pathway of the pancreas?

Answer 27

pancreatic secretions collect in small ducts the ducts join to form the Wirsung The Wirsung meets the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla / ampulla of Vater empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

Question 28

What are the causes of pancreatitis?

Answer 28

Gallstones High alcohol intake Cystic fibrosis High levels of calcium or blood fats

Question 29

What are the causes of pancreatic cancer?

Answer 29

Obstructive jaundice (gallstones) High alcohol intake Smoking Genetics

Question 30

What is the spleen a gland of?

Answer 30

blood

Question 31

What are the functions of the spleen?

Answer 31

it contains WBCs it stores platelets it controls the levels of all blood cells it filters the blood to remove old or damaged RBCs

Question 32

What is the texture of the spleen liek?

Answer 32

Delicate and friable

Question 33

When does the spleen produce blood cells?

Answer 33

during foetal life

Question 34

What is the spleen surrounded by anatomically?

Answer 34

a connective tissue capsule The inner portion is known as This contains Red pulp -

Question 35

What is the inner portion of the spllen known as?

Answer 35

parenchyma

Question 36

What does the parenchyma contain?

Answer 36

red and white pulp

Question 37

What does red pulp in the parenchyma of a spleen contain?

Answer 37

blood filled sinuses

Question 38

What does white pulp in the parenchyma of a spleen contain?

Answer 38

lymphatic tissue (WBCs)

Question 39

What type of capillaries would you expect to see within the spleen?

Answer 39

Sinusoidal - they allow easier movement of larger molecules from the blood

Question 40

What is the localisation of visceral pain like?

Answer 40

it is poorly localised in comparison to somatic pain | due to innervation of structures

Question 41

How is visceral pain described?

Answer 41

dull, aching, pressure

Question 42

What does visceral pain cause?

Answer 42

referred pain

Question 43

What will worsen symptoms related to blockages of the biliary tree?

Answer 43

Ingesting fatty foods