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M104 T2 > M104 T2 L8 > Flashcards

M104 T2 L8 Flashcards

1
Q

What organs are associated with the gut?

A

Gallbladder
Pancreas
Spleen

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2
Q

What type of epithelium are ductules made up of?

A

cuboidal

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3
Q

What type of cells are ducts made up of?

A

columnar epithelium

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4
Q

What are the two components of the intrahepatic biliary tree?

A

sectoral ducts of the (L & R) liver

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5
Q

What are the two components of the extrahepatic biliary tree?

A

(L & R) hepatic ducts

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6
Q

What do the two components of the extrahepatic biliary tree join to form?

A

the common hepatic duct

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7
Q

Where does the cystic duct originate from?

A

the gallbladder

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8
Q

What are the components of the common bile duct?

A

the common hepatic duct

the cystic duct

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9
Q

Where do the ducts of the biliary tree empty out into?

A

the duodenum

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10
Q

Which ducts empty out into the duodenum?

A

the common bile duct

the pancreatic duct

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11
Q

At what point does the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct join together?

A

at the hepatopancreatic duct

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12
Q

Where do the L&R hepatic ducts leave the liver?

A

via the porta hepatis

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13
Q

What is the extrahepatic bile duct wall made up of?

A

fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle

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14
Q

What is another name for the hepatopancreatic duct?

A

the ampulla of Vater

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15
Q

What is responsiblef for the moderation of emptying into the duodenum?

A

the sphincter of Oddi

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16
Q

Where is the bile duct in respect to the portal vein and the hepatic artery?

A

it is ANTERIOR to the portal vein

it is RIGHT of the hepatic artery

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17
Q

Why do we need to know where the bile duct is in respect to local veins and arteries?

A

anatomical relations in this area are a crucial surgical consideration

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18
Q

What are the functions of the gall bladder?

A

Store and concentrate bile
Selectively absorb bile salts
Excrete cholesterol and mucous

19
Q

Where is the gall bladder located in respect to the liver?

A

it is on the INFERIOR surface of the right hepatic lobe

20
Q

What is the shape of the gall bladder?

A

Characteristically conical/pear-shaped

21
Q

How is the gall bladder divided?

A

it is divided into the fundus, body and neck

22
Q

Where is the pancreas located in respect to the stomach?

A

POSTERIOR

23
Q

What are the three divisions of the pancreas?

A

the head, body and tail

24
Q

What arteries is the pancreas supplied by?

A

pancreatic branches of the splenic artery

pacreaticduodenal

25
Q

What vein is the pancreas supplied by?

A

Pancreatic (drain into the portal vein)

26
Q

What two nerves is the pancreas supplied by?

A

Coeliac ganglia and Vagus

27
Q

What are the stages of the exocrine pathway of the pancreas?

A

pancreatic secretions collect in small ducts
the ducts join to form the Wirsung
The Wirsung meets the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla / ampulla of Vater
empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

28
Q

What are the causes of pancreatitis?

A

Gallstones
High alcohol intake
Cystic fibrosis
High levels of calcium or blood fats

29
Q

What are the causes of pancreatic cancer?

A

Obstructive jaundice (gallstones)
High alcohol intake
Smoking
Genetics

30
Q

What is the spleen a gland of?

A

blood

31
Q

What are the functions of the spleen?

A

it contains WBCs
it stores platelets
it controls the levels of all blood cells
it filters the blood to remove old or damaged RBCs

32
Q

What is the texture of the spleen liek?

A

Delicate and friable

33
Q

When does the spleen produce blood cells?

A

during foetal life

34
Q

What is the spleen surrounded by anatomically?

A

a connective tissue capsule
The inner portion is known as
This contains
Red pulp -

35
Q

What is the inner portion of the spllen known as?

A

parenchyma

36
Q

What does the parenchyma contain?

A

red and white pulp

37
Q

What does red pulp in the parenchyma of a spleen contain?

A

blood filled sinuses

38
Q

What does white pulp in the parenchyma of a spleen contain?

A

lymphatic tissue (WBCs)

39
Q

What type of capillaries would you expect to see within the spleen?

A

Sinusoidal - they allow easier movement of larger molecules from the blood

40
Q

What is the localisation of visceral pain like?

A

it is poorly localised in comparison to somatic pain

due to innervation of structures

41
Q

How is visceral pain described?

A

dull, aching, pressure

42
Q

What does visceral pain cause?

A

referred pain

43
Q

What will worsen symptoms related to blockages of the biliary tree?

A

Ingesting fatty foods

M104 T2 (15 decks)

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