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GED101 > M1: PHILOSPHICAL VIEWS OF THE SELF > Flashcards

M1: PHILOSPHICAL VIEWS OF THE SELF Flashcards

1
Q

“know thyself”

A

socrates

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1
Q

he preferred to engage his students in endless discussion

A

socrates

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2
Q

the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline

A

philosophy

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3
Q

the 2 lenses of the philosophy of the self

A

empiricism and rationalism

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4
Q

derives explanations of the self from sensory and bodily responses. we know things because we have experienced it through our bodily senses

A

empiricism

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5
Q

there is innate knowledge; they differ in that they choose different objects of innate knowledge

A

rationalism

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6
Q

explains the self from the standpoint of what is “ideal” and the “truth”, not rooted in what is felt by the senses nor our body

A

rationalism

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7
Q

it is said that he had never written down any of his ideas but instead untiringly discussed concepts and principles with his students

A

socrates

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8
Q

he believed that the real self is not the physical body, but rather the psyche (soul)

A

socrates

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9
Q

according to him, the appearance of the body is inferior to its functions

A

socrates

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10
Q

“an unexamined life is not worth living”

A

socrates

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11
Q

according to him, the body is imperfect and impermanent, and the soul, called the real self, is perfect and permanent

A

socrates

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12
Q

he follows the dualistic approach of the self

A

socrates

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13
Q

according to socrates, the real self is not the physical body, but rather the ______________

A

psyche (soul)

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14
Q

socrates further posited that the _____________ of the body is inferior to its ______________

A

appearance, functions

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15
Q

according to socrates, the ________ is imperfect and impermanent, unlike the _______, which he calls the real self, is perfect and permanent

A

body, soul

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16
Q

belief that the mind and the body are 2 separate entities

A

dualism / dualistic approach

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17
Q

socrates’ prized student who thoroughly expounded on socrates’ idea of the self

A

plato

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18
Q

his conceptualization of the self was profoundly introduced in his dialogue, phaedrus

A

plato

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19
Q

the main idea of his dialogue is about truth-seeking, and that the truth can be distinguished in 2 forms: the metaphysical realm (mind) and the physical world (body)

A

plato

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20
Q

he suggested that the existence or the truth about the human self is fundamentally an intellectual entity whose nature exists independent from the physical world

A

plato

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21
Q

plato’s conceptualization of the self was profoundly introduced in his dialogue __________

A

phaedrus

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22
Q

be bifurcated the truth or reality into 2: the ontos (ideal), and the phenomena

A

plato

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23
Q

this is the main idea in plato’s dialogue

A

truth-seeking

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24
Q

according to plato, the truth can be distinguished into 2 forms:

A

metaphysical realm (mind), physical world (body)

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25
Q

plato suggested that the existence or the truth about the human self is fundamentally an ___________ whose nature exists _____________ from the physical world

A

intellectual entity, independent

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26
Q

plato bifurcated the truth or reality into these 2:

A

ontos (ideal), phenomena

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27
Q

according to plato, this is the ultimate reality which tend to be permanent and spiritual

A

ontos (ideal)

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28
Q

according to plato, this refers to the manifestation of the ideal. in contrast with ontos, this is imperfect, impermanent, and inferior to the latter.

A

phenomena

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29
Q

plato’s idea of the truth about the human self was even more expounded and formalized by his prized student, _________

A

aristotle

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30
Q

while plato emphasized the separation of ideal and phenomenal existence (or being), he suggested that the ideal is subsumed in the phenomena

A

aristotle

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31
Q

he suggested that the ideal is subsumed in the phenomena

A

aristotle

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32
Q

he called ideal as “essence” and the phenomena as “matter”. he also emphasized that these 2 co-exist and are co-dependent.

A

aristotle

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33
Q

according to him, essence provides meaning and purpose to the matter, and matter provides substance and solidarity to essence

A

aristotle

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34
Q

according to aristotle, the ___________ is subsumed in the _________________

A

ideal, phenomena

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35
Q

aristotle called ideal as “__________” and phenomena as “_______________”

A

essence, matter

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36
Q

aristotle emphasized that these 2 coexist and are codependent

A

essence and matter

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37
Q

according to aristotle, the ________ provides meaning and purpose to the matter

A

essence

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38
Q

according to aristotle, the matter provides substance and solidarity to the __________

A

essence

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39
Q

(excellence), what makes one function well; one’s full potential

A

arete

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40
Q

socrates’ orientation

A

idealism

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41
Q

plato’s orientation

A

idealism

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42
Q

aristotle’s orientation

A

empiricist

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43
Q

socrates’ philosophy

A

socratic philosophy

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44
Q

plato’s philosophy

A

dualism and idealism

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45
Q

aristotle’s philosophy

A

aristotelian philosophy

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46
Q

“knowledge is the personification of good, while ignorance is that of evil”

A

socrates - socratic philosphy

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47
Q

“self-knowledge is the ultimate virtue. as the ultimate virtue, it will lead to ultimate happiness”

A

socrates - socratic philosophy

48
Q

____________ is the personification of good, while _______________ is that of evil

A

knowledge, ignorance

49
Q

______________ is the ultimate virtue. as the ultimate virtue, it will lead to ______________

A

self-knowledge, ultimate happiness

50
Q

“moral virtue is rooted in the intellect and leads to happines”

A

plato - dualism and idealism

51
Q

“wisdom and knowledge leads to virtue which will lead to happiness”

A

plato - dualism and idealism

52
Q

_________ is rooted in the intellect and leads to happiness

A

moral virtue

53
Q

__________ and __________ is rooted in the intellect and leads to happiness

A

wisdom, knowledge

54
Q

“ideal is found inside the phenomena and the universals inside the particulars”

A

aristotle -aristotelian philosophy

55
Q

“ideals are essence and phenomena is matter”

A

aristotle - aristotelian philosophy

56
Q

“matter has no form and essence has no mass; matter and essence need each other”

A

aristotle - aristotelian philosophy

57
Q

________ is found in the _________ and the universals inside the particulars

A

ideal, phenomena

58
Q

ideals are ________ and phenomena is _______

A

essence, matter

59
Q

matter has no _________, and essence has no _________; they need each other

A

form, mass

60
Q

st. augustine’s orientation

A

platonism

61
Q

st. agustine’s philosophy

A

neoplatonism

62
Q

according to him, all knowledge leads to god

A

st. augustine

63
Q

according to him, only the pure in heart can see god

A

st. augustine

64
Q

according to him, love of god, faith in him, and understanding of his gospel will ultimately lead to happiness

A

st. augustine

65
Q

all _________ leads to god

A

knowledge

66
Q

only ________________ can see god

A

the pure in heart

67
Q

love of god, faith in hum, and understanding of his gospel will ultimately lead to ___________

A

happiness

68
Q

orientation of descartes

A

rationalist

69
Q

philosophy of descartes

A

mind-body dualism

70
Q

“i think therefore i am”

A

descartes

71
Q

“the mind and the soul can exist without the body”

A

descartes

72
Q

“establishing the distinction of soul from the body can make people believe in the afterlife and the soul’s immortality”

A

descartes

73
Q

the mind and the soul can exist without the _____

A

body

74
Q

establishing the distinction of soul from the body can make people believe in the ______ and the soul’s ____________

A

afterlife, immortality

75
Q

locke’s orientation

A

empiricist

76
Q

locke’s philosophy

A

theory of personal identity

77
Q

“it is in consciousness alone that identity exists, not on the body and soul”

A

locke

78
Q

“there is distinction between man and person”

A

locke

79
Q

“the soul may change, but consciousness remains intact”

A

locke

80
Q

it is ________ alone that identity exists, not on the body and soul

A

consciousness

81
Q

there is no distinction between _____ and _______

A

man, person

82
Q

the ____ may change, but ___________ remains intact

A

soul, consciousness

83
Q

hume’s orientation

A

empiricist

84
Q

hume’s philosophy

A

skeptical philosophy

85
Q

“all knowledge passes through the senses”

A

hume

86
Q

“separate ideas can be joined in the mind”

A

hume

87
Q

“there is no self, only a bundle of perceptions”

A

hume

88
Q

all knowledge passes through the _______

A

senses

89
Q

separate ideas can be joined in the _____

A

mind

90
Q

there is no self, only a _____________

A

bundle of perceptions

91
Q

kant’s orientation

A

rationalist / empiricist

92
Q

kant’s philosophy

A

metaphysics of the self

93
Q

“reason is the final authority of morality”

A

kant

94
Q

“there is inner self and outer self”

A

kant

95
Q

“the inner self includes rational reasoning and psychological state”

A

kant

96
Q

“the outer self includes the body and the physical mind, where representation occurs”

A

kant

97
Q

________ is the final authority of morality

A

reason

98
Q

there is the ______ and _____ self

A

inner, outer

99
Q

inner self includes _________ and _________

A

rational reasoning, psychological state

100
Q

the outer self includes the __________ and __________, where representation occurs

A

body, physical mind

101
Q

ryle’s orientation

A

empiricist

102
Q

ryle’s philosophy

A

the concept of the mind

103
Q

“i act therefore i am”

A

ryle

104
Q

“the mind is not the seat of self”

A

ryle

105
Q

“the mind is not a separate, parallel thing to our physical body”

A

ryle

106
Q

“the mind is a category mistake, brought about by habitual use. the only way it can affect the other is through the external world”

A

ryle

107
Q

the ____ is not the seat of the self; it is not a separate, parallel thing to our physical body

A

mind

108
Q

churchland’s orientation

A

empiricist

109
Q

churchland’s philosophy

A

neurophilosophy

110
Q

“a fully matured neuroscience will eliminate the need for beliefs since they are not real”

A

churchland

111
Q

“the physical brain gives us a sense of self”

A

churchland

112
Q

the _________ gives us a sense of self

A

physical brain

113
Q

merleau-ponty’s orientation

A

existentialism empiricist

114
Q

merleau-ponty’s philosophy

A

phenomenology of perception

115
Q

“both empiricism and intellectualism are flawed in nature”

A

merleau-ponty

116
Q

“we are our bodies”

A

merleau-ponty

117
Q

“our bodily experiences do not detach the subject/object, mind/body, rational/irrational”

A

merleau-ponty

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