M1:Oral and Literacy

Question 1

According to __________ the way we communicate changes our ____________

Answer 1

Walter J. Ong ;
think and act

Question 2

Walter J. Ong differentiated ____ and _____

Answer 2

oral culture ;
literate culture.

Question 3

______ is determined by _______

Answer 3

mind ;
medium

Question 4

As humans evolved, ___,___,____ changed (from ____ to ______)

Answer 4

creation,
sending,
and storage of information

Question 5

humans rely on _________ until they learned how to write on ________

Answer 5

words of mouth and drawings ;
3500 BC

Question 6

T or F. Despite the invention of literacy, oral culture is still present in some cultures and history.

Answer 6

T

Question 7

pertains to the use of music, poetry and balladry, oral history, legend,
performance, religious rituals, ceremonies, and festivals.

Answer 7

Oral Culture

Question 8

In this culture, knowledge is threatened to be forgotten

Answer 8

Oral culture

Question 9

_______ is practice for information RETENTION

Answer 9

Repetition

Question 10

People rely on ___,___,___ to guide their decisions.

Answer 10

• Proverbs
• Epic poetry
• Stylized culture heroes

Question 11

Orality is dynamic and adaptive way of:
__
__

Answer 11

○ of preserving cultural heritage
○ Fostering sense of identity

Question 12

In oral culture we have
_______ and _____
(define both)

Answer 12

Primary Orality
- Totally untouched by any knowledge of writing or print.

Secondary Orality
- Began with the invention of electronic technologies and the mass media.

Question 13

What are the 6 Characteristics of Oral Culture (define each)

Answer 13

AARCAE
1. Adaptive rather than Subordinative

Use of conjunctions to ensure continuity of ideas and facial expression to emphasize
meanings.

2. Aggregative rather than analytic
   -Use of picturesque phrases, idioms, and clauses to aid the memory.
3. Redundant or Copious
   - Repetition of most important info, enforcing recall.
4. Close to the Human life World
   - Concepts are related to personal experience.
5. Agonistically toned
   - Use of knowledge in verbal or intellectual combat.
6. Emphatic and Participatory
   - Learning and knowing means close emphatic and communal identification with the known.

Question 14

states that writing destroyed memory and that people who wrote forgot things.

Answer 14

Plato

Question 15

states that forgetting is a good thing.

Answer 15

Ong

Question 16

Why did Ong think forgetting things is a good thing?

Answer 16

By forgetting things, writing frees the mind from the redundant task

Question 17

Writing idea preserves its existence.
Hence, no need for ____

Answer 17

repetition

Question 18

Writing allows:
___
___
___

Answer 18

1. fast learning
2. share information
3. Entertainment of more advanced ideas

Question 19

Writing created
___ & ___

Answer 19

○ History
○ Logic

Question 20

____ & _____are born out of pursuit of rationality, truth, and facts - all of which are
made possible by ____

Answer 20

Science and literature ; writing

Question 21

influences the patterns of thought.

Answer 21

Alphabet

Question 22

Favors left-Hemisphere of the brain

Answer 22

Alphabet

Question 23

Exercises an analytical mindset

Answer 23

Writing

Question 24

Associated with official documents, giving authority:

Answer 24

Writing

Question 25

Writing is associated with official documents, giving authority. Give 2 examples

Answer 25

▪ Books
▪ Contracts

Question 26

How can complex ideas can be reproduce

Answer 26

printing

Question 27

Give the 4 Characteristics of Literate Culture
(Define each)

Answer 27

TEEE

1. Enhances Consciousness
   - Expanses our POV of things
2. Transforms Communication
   - Promotes wider audience through written materials.
3. Encourages Introspection & Deeper, Clearer Thinking.
4. Efficient Way of Knowledge Management
   - Efficient way to create, store, and share information

Question 28

Where are we know: ______ world

Answer 28

post-literate

additional info:

(Harvey) It might be more accurate to say that we’re in a period of transition.
○ Neither entirely literate nor entirely oral/visual
○ With drastic educational reform, this trend is subject to change