M1 Ch 3-3.3: Plasma Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

Phospholipid

A

Lipid molecule composed of two fatty acid chains, glycerol backbone and phosphate group

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2
Q

Microvilli

A

Plasma membrane of cells that specialize in absorption

folds

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Made up of organelles suspended in gel like cytosol, cytoskeleton and various chemicals
also 70-80% water

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4
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

maintains cell shape, secure certain organelles, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within cell

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5
Q

Microfilaments

A

thin

function: movement, structure stability

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6
Q

Microtubules

A

thick

function: organelle movement, cell division (pull chromosomes)

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7
Q

Flagella

A

long hair like structures extend from plasma membrane and used to move the entire cell

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8
Q

Cilia

A

short hairlike structures used to move entire cell or substances along outer surface

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

houses cell’s DNA in form of chromatin and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

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10
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

double membrane structure, outermost part of nucleus , punctured with pores that control passage of ions, molecules and RNA

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11
Q

Rough ER

A

Ribosomes attached to surface and synthesize proteins to lumen of RER

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12
Q

Smooth ER

A

synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids and steroid hormones

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13
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

sort, tag, package and distribute lipids and proteins from ER
transport vesicles: deposit contents into other parts of cell
secretatory vesicles: Fuse with plasma membrane and release contents outside cell

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14
Q

Lysosome

A

Aid in breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids , worn out organelles
hydrolytic enzymes destroy disease causing organisms entering cell

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15
Q

Vesicle/Vacuoles

A

Membrane bound sacs that functions in storage and transport

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16
Q

Ribosomes

A

cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis

17
Q

Mitochondria

A

make ATP energy from breakdown of glucose

contains bilayer, inner folds, ribosomes, DNA

18
Q

Peroxisomes

A

small round organelles enclosed by single membrane
carry out oxidation reactions that breakdown fatty acids and amino acids
detoxify poisons