M1 Ch 3-3.3: Plasma Membrane Flashcards
Phospholipid
Lipid molecule composed of two fatty acid chains, glycerol backbone and phosphate group
Microvilli
Plasma membrane of cells that specialize in absorption
folds
Cytoplasm
Made up of organelles suspended in gel like cytosol, cytoskeleton and various chemicals
also 70-80% water
Cytoskeleton
maintains cell shape, secure certain organelles, allows cytoplasm and vesicles to move within cell
Microfilaments
thin
function: movement, structure stability
Microtubules
thick
function: organelle movement, cell division (pull chromosomes)
Flagella
long hair like structures extend from plasma membrane and used to move the entire cell
Cilia
short hairlike structures used to move entire cell or substances along outer surface
Nucleus
houses cell’s DNA in form of chromatin and directs synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
Nuclear envelope
double membrane structure, outermost part of nucleus , punctured with pores that control passage of ions, molecules and RNA
Rough ER
Ribosomes attached to surface and synthesize proteins to lumen of RER
Smooth ER
synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids and steroid hormones
Golgi apparatus
sort, tag, package and distribute lipids and proteins from ER
transport vesicles: deposit contents into other parts of cell
secretatory vesicles: Fuse with plasma membrane and release contents outside cell
Lysosome
Aid in breakdown of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids , worn out organelles
hydrolytic enzymes destroy disease causing organisms entering cell
Vesicle/Vacuoles
Membrane bound sacs that functions in storage and transport