M-Mode

Question 1

typical temporal resolution of M-Mode?

Answer 1

1000-2000 frames/sec

Question 2

Describe each letter of this MV M-Mode

Answer 2

E- early diastole/rapid filling

A- atrial contraction

F- diastasis onset

C- Closure of MV

D- Opening of MV

Question 3

Diagnosis?

Answer 3

SAM

Question 4

Diagnosis?

Answer 4

SAM

Question 5

name 2 factors that make gradient worse in SAM

Answer 5

1) Earlier time to onset of septal contact by MV
2) Duration of SAM-Septal contact

Question 6

Diagnosis

Answer 6

MVP ( >3mm systolic bowing BELOW the C-D line)

Question 7

Diagnosis?

Answer 7

MVP

Question 8

Diagnosis

Answer 8

MS

(reduced/loss of the E-F slope of MV M-mode and fish mouth/diastolic anterior motion of posterior leaflet)

Question 9

Diagnosis?

Answer 9

MS

(reduced/loss of the E-F slope of MV M-mode and fish mouth/diastolic anterior motion of posterior leaflet)

Question 10

Diagnosis?

Answer 10

Atrial Myxoma

Question 11

Diagnosis?

Answer 11

Afib

Question 12

Diagnosis?

Answer 12

AR (LV dilated, fluttering of MV’s anterior leaflet (without loss of A wave like in afib) = austin flint)

Question 13

Diagnosis?

Answer 13

Bicuspid AV

Question 14

Diagnosis

Answer 14

Early Systolic Closure of AV from low SV (e.g. low LVEF, significant MR)- notice tapering of AV leaflet

Question 15

M-Mode of AV showing tapered (not parallel) leaflets, early systolic closure w/ limited AV opening. Diagnosis?

Answer 15

Decreased stroke volume

Question 16

M-mode of AV w/ thickened leaflets and eccentric closure

Answer 16

Bicuspid AV

Question 17

M-mode of AV with normal AV opening–> early systolic closure–> fluttering leaflets

Answer 17

Subaortic AS

Question 18

M-mode of AV showing normal AV opening–> fluttering leaflet- -> mid-systolic closure

Answer 18

HCM/dynamic obstruction

Question 19

M-mode of AV showing limited AV opening, thick leaflets, central/normal closure

Answer 19

Valvular AS

Question 20

Name the 3 M-mode findings for PV

Answer 20

Normal/PH/PS

Question 21

Diagnosis?

Answer 21

DCM

(Large E-point Septal Separation (EPSS))

Question 22

E-point Septal Separation above which is abnormal (suggesting DCM). When is EPSS not valid?

Answer 22

>10mm

not valid with valvular dz like MS/AR.

Question 23

Diagnosis?

Answer 23

Constrictive Pericarditis (left shift of interventricular septum during inspiration)

Question 24

Diagnosis?

Answer 24

Tamponade

(interventricular interdependence, see how the septum moves away from RV and dips towards LV on inspiration)

Question 25

Diagnosis?

Answer 25

Tamponade (RV buckling)

Question 26

Diagnosis

Answer 26

LVEDP>20mm Hg (B-bump)

Question 27

Diagnosis?

Answer 27

Dyssynchrony (septal to posterior wall motion delay- Rx: CRT)