Hemodynamics

Question 1

assumptions in simplified bernoulli eq’n

Answer 1

no flow acceleration
no viscous friction (anemia/polycythemia)
V2»>V1

Question 2

mean gradient > ? = severe AS

Answer 2

40

Question 3

can echo predict peak to peak AS gradient?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

is echo mean gradient in AS comparable to cath lab mean gradient?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

is AV TVI obtained with CW or PW? LVOT TVI?

Answer 5

CW, PW

Question 6

what measurement error will have the largest impact in calculating AVA?

Answer 6

LVOT D (b/c it is squared)

Question 7

what Dimensionless Index is severe AS?

Question 8

AVA and mean gradient that = Sev AS

Answer 8

1cm^2

40 mm Hg

Question 9

to calc MVA, if given Vmax, what do you do with this #?

Answer 9

Vmax/1.4 = V @ 1/2–> then get PHT from this number.

Question 10

assuming HR 60-80, a mean gradient of ? = Sev MS

Answer 10

5

Question 11

MVA and Mean Gradient = Sev MS?

Answer 11

1.5 cm2

>5

Question 12

ERO = ?

Answer 12

Flow/V(mr)

Question 13

RV (mr) = ?

Answer 13

ERO x TVI (mr)

Question 14

which way do you adjust scale for aliasing velocity?

Answer 14

in direction of REGURGITANT JET

Question 15

explain the 1, 3, 5 rule for MR

Answer 15

Severe MR if:
radius (pisa) = 1 cm
Valias = 30 cm/s
Vmr = 500 cm/s

Question 16

if Valias = 40m/s (not 30), how to calculate ERO for MR?

Answer 16

ERO = 1/2 r^2

Question 17

ERO & RV = Sev PRIMARY MR?

Answer 17

ERO > 0.4
RV> 60

(1/2 values in fxnl MR)

Question 18

ERO & RV = Sev AR

Answer 18

ERO> 0.3

RV > 60