Lymphs (Lecture)

Question 1

What are the 4 functions of lymphs?

Answer 1

Tissue drainage
Return of plasma/plasma proteins
Absorbed fat transport from gut
Immunity

Question 2

What are 2 constituents of lymph?

Answer 2

Lymphatic Vessels

Lymphatic tissues

Question 3

How do lymphatic vessels differ from blood vessels?

Answer 3

They absorb proteins and other large molecules from tissue fluid.

Question 4

What 4 structures are made up of lymphatic tissues?

Answer 4

Thymus
Spleen
Tonsils
Nodules

Question 5

How is tissue fluid drained in lymphs?

Answer 5

Drains escaped cell-free plasma from the extracellular spaces back to the venous system.

Question 6

How much liquid is usually drained per day?

Answer 6

8L

Question 7

What is the composition of lymph?

Answer 7

Fluid

Plasma proteins

Question 8

What is added to lymph as it flows through lymphatic capillaries?

Answer 8

Lymphocytes

Question 9

What is added to lymph as it goes through the small intestine?

Answer 9

Fat

Question 10

What does flow of fluid in lymphs require?

Answer 10

Muscle contraction

Question 11

What stops the backflow of blood?

Answer 11

Valves

Question 12

How much of the 8L per day of fluid is reabsorbed in lymph nodes?

Answer 12

Half of that

Question 13

How many lymph nodes are in a young adult?

Answer 13

450

Question 14

What lymph contains more antibodies?

Answer 14

Efferent

Question 15

What are the secondary lymphoid follicles?

Answer 15

Germinal centres

Question 16

What is filtered out in lymph nodes?

Answer 16

Inert particles such as carbon and tattoo pigment.

Question 17

What is the drainage route of superficial limbs?

Answer 17

Superficial veins

Question 18

What is the drainage route of deep limbs?

Answer 18

Deep arteries and veins

Question 19

What is the drainage route of cavities?

Answer 19

Deep artieries

Question 20

Where are lymphatic vessels absent from?

Answer 20

Eyeball
CNS
Inner ear
Epidermis
Cartilage
Bone

Question 21

What do superficial drainages go through to get to the deep drainage?

Answer 21

Saphenous opening.

Question 22

What are 50 of nodes in the abdomen and pelvis associated with?

Answer 22

The gut.

Question 23

What are pre-aortic nodes associated with?

Answer 23

Midline

Question 24

What do the unpaired aortic branches of the pre-aortic nodes supply?

Answer 24

The gastrointestinal tract.

Question 25

Where is the drainage of pre-aortic nodes via?

Answer 25

Arterial nodes.

Question 26

What are the para-aortic nodes associated with?

Answer 26

Paired, lateral branches to body wall and paired organs.

Question 27

What is the name of primary tumours in the lymph node?

Answer 27

Lymphomas

Question 28

What causes secondary tumours in the lymph nodes?

Answer 28

Metastasis

Question 29

What 2 infections occur in the lymph node?

Answer 29

Tuberculosis

Glandular Fever

Question 30

Where does all lymph congregate?

Answer 30

2 large lymph ducts.

Question 31

Where do lymph ducts empty into?

Answer 31

The venous system at the jugular/subclavian junction.

Question 32

Where is fatty lymph drained to?

Answer 32

The SVC and eventually the liver for absorption.

Question 33

In what 6 places are lymphocytes generated and matured?

Answer 33

Thymus and Bone marrow
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Peyer's patches
Tonsils
Lymphocytes

Question 34

What does the spleen contain?

Answer 34

Large amount of blood which is discharged via smooth muscle action.

Question 35

What is white pulp?

Answer 35

The immune function where T and B cells are found.

Question 36

What are T cells in lymphs?

Answer 36

PALS

Question 37

What are B cells in lymphs?

Answer 37

Germinal centres.