Lymphs (Lecture) Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of lymphs?
Tissue drainage
Return of plasma/plasma proteins
Absorbed fat transport from gut
Immunity
What are 2 constituents of lymph?
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic tissues
How do lymphatic vessels differ from blood vessels?
They absorb proteins and other large molecules from tissue fluid.
What 4 structures are made up of lymphatic tissues?
Thymus
Spleen
Tonsils
Nodules
How is tissue fluid drained in lymphs?
Drains escaped cell-free plasma from the extracellular spaces back to the venous system.
How much liquid is usually drained per day?
8L
What is the composition of lymph?
Fluid
Plasma proteins
What is added to lymph as it flows through lymphatic capillaries?
Lymphocytes
What is added to lymph as it goes through the small intestine?
Fat
What does flow of fluid in lymphs require?
Muscle contraction
What stops the backflow of blood?
Valves
How much of the 8L per day of fluid is reabsorbed in lymph nodes?
Half of that
How many lymph nodes are in a young adult?
450
What lymph contains more antibodies?
Efferent
What are the secondary lymphoid follicles?
Germinal centres
What is filtered out in lymph nodes?
Inert particles such as carbon and tattoo pigment.
What is the drainage route of superficial limbs?
Superficial veins
What is the drainage route of deep limbs?
Deep arteries and veins
What is the drainage route of cavities?
Deep artieries
Where are lymphatic vessels absent from?
Eyeball CNS Inner ear Epidermis Cartilage Bone
What do superficial drainages go through to get to the deep drainage?
Saphenous opening.
What are 50 of nodes in the abdomen and pelvis associated with?
The gut.
What are pre-aortic nodes associated with?
Midline
What do the unpaired aortic branches of the pre-aortic nodes supply?
The gastrointestinal tract.
Where is the drainage of pre-aortic nodes via?
Arterial nodes.
What are the para-aortic nodes associated with?
Paired, lateral branches to body wall and paired organs.
What is the name of primary tumours in the lymph node?
Lymphomas
What causes secondary tumours in the lymph nodes?
Metastasis
What 2 infections occur in the lymph node?
Tuberculosis
Glandular Fever
Where does all lymph congregate?
2 large lymph ducts.
Where do lymph ducts empty into?
The venous system at the jugular/subclavian junction.
Where is fatty lymph drained to?
The SVC and eventually the liver for absorption.
In what 6 places are lymphocytes generated and matured?
Thymus and Bone marrow Spleen Lymph nodes Peyer's patches Tonsils Lymphocytes
What does the spleen contain?
Large amount of blood which is discharged via smooth muscle action.
What is white pulp?
The immune function where T and B cells are found.
What are T cells in lymphs?
PALS
What are B cells in lymphs?
Germinal centres.
